{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T08:55:41Z","timestamp":1768640141426,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To identify the most reliable method for assessing renal function in dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD) by comparing renal cortical thickness (RCT) evaluated using B-mode ultrasonography, conventional color Doppler imaging (CDI), and superb microvascular imaging (SMI).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This observational study included dogs with at least 2 stable serum creatinine measurements within 30 days. Dogs were classified into CKD stages 1 to 4 based on International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) guidelines. Dogs without renal abnormalities were included in the control group. Ultrasonographic measurements of renal dimensions and RCT normalized to aortic diameter (RCT:Ao ratio) were obtained in sagittal, transverse, and dorsal planes.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>85 dogs were analyzed including 36 control dogs and 49 dogs with CKD, consisting of 19 at stage 1, 19 at stage 2, 6 at stage 3, and 5 at stage 4. The RCT:Ao ratio in SMI showed the strongest correlation with IRIS stages, followed by CDI. Color Doppler imaging and SMI demonstrated superior diagnostic performance over B-mode according to receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The optimal cutoff values for the RCT:Ao ratio in CDI and SMI were 0.58, 0.56, 0.51, and 0.44 for IRIS stages 1 to 4 in the sagittal plane and 0.62, 0.57, 0.53, and 0.45 in the transverse and dorsal planes.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The RCT:Ao ratio measured using CDI and SMI correlated more strongly with IRIS stages than B-mode ultrasound and showed superior diagnostic performance, suggesting improved diagnostic utility.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n<jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Color Doppler imaging may improve the clinical assessment of RCT in dogs with CKD, enhancing its utility as a reliable indicator for diagnosing and staging CKD.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.25.01.0012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T08:53:26Z","timestamp":1743152006000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparison of B-mode, conventional color Doppler, and superb microvascular imaging for evaluating renal cortical thickness in dogs without and with chronic kidney disease"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Jiwoo","family":"Koh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Younghoon","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haedeun Animal Medical Center, Uijeongbu-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong-Gil","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haedeun Animal Medical Center, Uijeongbu-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aryung","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5032-5311","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kidong","family":"Eom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaehwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"B1","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"669","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease in dogs and cats","volume":"42","author":"Bartges JW","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bartges JW. Chronic kidney disease in dogs and cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2012;42(4):669\u2013692. doi:10.1016\/j.cvsm.2012.04.008"},{"issue":"1","key":"B2","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"46","article-title":"Ultrasonography of the urinary tract in small animals","volume":"225","author":"Widmer WR","year":"2004","unstructured":"Widmer WR, Biller DS, Adams LG. Ultrasonography of the urinary tract in small animals. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2004;225(1):46\u201354. doi:10.2460\/javma.2004.225.46"},{"key":"B3","year":"2023","unstructured":"International Renal Interest Society (IRIS). IRIS Staging of CKD. IRIS website. 2023. 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