{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T01:12:25Z","timestamp":1784077945953,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To examined potential risk factors for the frequency of antimicrobial use (AMU) within herd and potential associations between AMU and the frequency of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in fecal organisms in beef calves.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In this observational study, all interested herds from the Canadian Cow-Calf Surveillance Network shared individual treatment records in 2021 for nursing calves (N = 56); a subset also provided fecal samples from calves in the spring and fall of 2021 (N = 31). Herd attributes were examined for associations with frequency of AMU. Associations were also estimated between frequency of AMU by drug class and subsequent frequency of AMR for <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic> spp in the spring and fall.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Individual animal AMU for nursing calves included oxytetracycline, florfenicol, and macrolides. Herds with at least 300 versus &lt; 300 cows, that sold some seedstock compared to 100% commercial, and assisted more cows at calving reported more frequent AMU within herd. Antimicrobial use drug class and AMR class were not associated with <jats:italic>E coli<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic> spp recovered from calf fecal samples in the spring or fall of 2021, except for macrolide use and macrolide resistance in the fall for <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic> spp (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.26 to 1.89 per 10% increase).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The frequency of AMU in nursing calves is relatively low in most herds. Antimicrobial use was not associated with AMR, with 1 exception. The availability of individual records and fecal samples limited statistical power.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n<jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Antimicrobial stewardship, including best practices for prescribing and administering antimicrobials, remains a priority for veterinarians and the beef industry.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.25.01.0021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T15:44:05Z","timestamp":1743522245000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Low frequency of antimicrobial use in nursing beef calves from Western Canada has limited association with antimicrobial resistance in fecal organisms"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Jayce D.","family":"Fossen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheryl","family":"Gow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Public Health Agency of Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheryl L.","family":"Waldner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"B1","year":"2023","unstructured":"The Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS) 2018 integrated findings. Government of Canada. December 2020. Accessed March 22, 2023. https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/content\/dam\/phac-aspc\/documents\/services\/surveillance\/canadian-integrated-program-antimicrobial-resistance-surveillance-cipars\/cipars-reports\/2018-annual-report-integrated-findings\/2018-annual-report-integrated-findings.pdf"},{"key":"B2","author":"Burgess S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Burgess S, French N. Antimicrobial resistant bacteria in dairy cattle: a review. New Zealand Food Safety and Science Research Center. January 2017. Accessed April 18, 2023. https:\/\/nzfssrc.org.nz\/assets\/Project-Reports\/Antimicrobial-resistant-bacteria-in-dairy-cattle-A-review..pdf"},{"key":"B3","series-title":"Front Vet Sci","first-page":"148","article-title":"Antimicrobial usage and resistance in livestock: where should we focus?","volume":"4","author":"Magouras I","year":"2017","unstructured":"Magouras I, Carmo LP, St\u00e4rk KDC, Sch\u00fcpbach-Regula G. Antimicrobial usage and resistance in livestock: where should we focus? Front Vet Sci. 2017;4:148. doi:10.3389\/fvets.2017.00148"},{"key":"B4","series-title":"Front Vet Sci","first-page":"90","article-title":"Investigation of a reduction in tylosin on the prevalence of liver abscesses and antimicrobial resistance in enterococci in feedlot cattle","volume":"7","author":"Davedow T","year":"2020","unstructured":"Davedow T, Narvaez-Bravo C, Zaheer R, et al. Investigation of a reduction in tylosin on the prevalence of liver abscesses and antimicrobial resistance in enterococci in feedlot cattle. Front Vet Sci. 2020;7:90. doi:10.3389\/fvets.2020.00090"},{"key":"B5","first-page":"34","author":"Gow S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gow S, Bergen R, Booker C, et al. National surveillance of antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance in Canadian feedlots. In: Conference Proceedings of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners, Volume 54. 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