{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T06:14:57Z","timestamp":1775974497980,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To evaluate the application of a VirB12 gene\u2013deleted <jats:italic>Brucella abortus<\/jats:italic> A19 strain (A19-\u0394VirB12) as a vaccine for differentiating infected from vaccinated animals in cattle and to develop an indirect ELISA (i-ELISA) for serological differentiation between vaccinated and naturally infected animals.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 115 Holstein cattle were immunized with A19-\u0394VirB12 vaccine at 6 X 10<jats:sup>10<\/jats:sup> CFUs, and sera were collected at 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 days after vaccination. To determine the optimal threshold, serum from 180 infected cattle and 204 cattle immunized with A19-\u0394VirB12 vaccine were confirmed positive for brucellosis tested by serum agglutination tests and a commercial ELISA kit. A differential identification i-ELISA was assembled and tested.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The results showed that the <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic> antibody titers peaked at 15 days after immunization with a positive rate of 100%. The titers then continued to decrease over time until 180 days after immunization, when the positive rate was approximately 6.67%. No adverse reactions were observed in the herd after immunization. The differentiating i-ELISA kit had good differential efficiency to distinguish <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>-positive antibodies induced by immunization with A19-\u0394VirB12 vaccine from natural infection, with a sensitivity of 98.9%, specificity of 94.6%, positive predictive value of 94.2%, negative predictive value of 99%, and accuracy of 96.6%.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Application of A19-\u0394VirB12 vaccine and differential identification kits would support brucellosis control and eradication efforts in dairy herds.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n<jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study demonstrates that the application of A19\u2011\u0394VirB12 vaccine and its differential identification kit in dairy farms can effectively distinguish infected animals from immunized, which support brucellosis control and eradication efforts.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.25.01.0028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T12:28:41Z","timestamp":1752236921000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development of a VirB12 gene\u2013deleted Brucella abortus A19 strain as a vaccine candidate for differentiating infected from vaccinated animals in cattle and establishment of a differentiating ELISA assay"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Feng","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi City, China"},{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Research, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi City, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaojing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Research, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi City, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liya","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Research, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi City, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenxi","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Research, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi City, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Research, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi City, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinping","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Research, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi City, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6419-2351","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yingyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi City, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"3-4","key":"B1","series-title":"Vet Microbiol","first-page":"392","article-title":"Brucellosis: a re-emerging zoonosis","author":"Seleem MN","year":"2009","unstructured":"Seleem MN, Boyle SM, Sriranganathan N. 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Brucellosis: review on the recent trends in pathogenicity and laboratory diagnosis. J Lab Phys. 2010;2(2):55\u201360. doi:10.4103\/0974-2727.72149"},{"issue":"1","key":"B5","series-title":"Front Biol","first-page":"60","article-title":"Progress in Brucella vaccine development","author":"Yang X","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yang X, Skyberg JA, Cao L, Clapp B, Thornburg T, Pascual DW. Progress in Brucella vaccine development. Front Biol. 2013;8(1):60\u201377. doi:10.1007\/s11515-012-1196-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"B6","series-title":"Virulence","first-page":"379","article-title":"Brucella lipopolysaccharide and pathogenicity: the core of the matter","author":"Smith JA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Smith JA. Brucella lipopolysaccharide and pathogenicity: the core of the matter. 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