{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T06:35:12Z","timestamp":1784874912729,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748217600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The purpose of this study is to compare 3 fixation methods for shoulder arthrodesis using finite element analysis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Three dogs from different breeds, previously evaluated for shoulder joint arthrodesis, were selected, and their scapula and humerus were extracted from 2019 CT data to create computer models of shoulder arthrodesis. They were fixed with transarticular pins, a plate and screws, or a combination of all 3. The stress distribution of the implants and the dislocation at the osteotomy site were compared under a compression load of 35 N, an internal rotation of 1 Nm, and an external rotation of 1 Nm.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The stress distribution on the implants was reduced when all 3 implants were used. The relative dislocation at the osteotomy site is the greatest when fixed solely with the transarticular pins and least when all the implants are used under any loads. The impact of adding transarticular pins was more prominent under the rotational load than under the compression load.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The plate and screws are the primary load-bearing components under the compression and rotational loads. However, adding the pins decreases the stress distribution on other implants and prevents motion at the osteotomy site, particularly under rotational load.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n<jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study indicated that using transarticular pins in conjunction with a plate and screws for shoulder arthrodesis has the potential to may reduce the risk of implant failure and be advantageous for minimizing the risk of malunion or nonunion.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.25.03.0084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T18:32:26Z","timestamp":1748370746000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A comparison of different fixation methods involving transarticular pins and locking plates for shoulder arthrodesis in dogs using finite element analysis"],"prefix":"10.2460","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2558-595X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sawako","family":"Murakami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9233-2496","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Masakazu","family":"Shimada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Small Animal Surgery 1, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasushi","family":"Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"B1","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"156","article-title":"A review of lameness attributable to the shoulder in the dog: part one","volume":"44","author":"Kunkel KA","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kunkel KA, Rochat MC. 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