{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T04:06:45Z","timestamp":1748578005354,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748476800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To use contrast venography and intravascular pressure monitoring to determine optimal perfusion volumes during IV regional limb perfusion (IVRLP) and to determine systemic, articular, and osseous concentrations of amikacin achieved following IVRLP in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Animals were anesthetized and had lateral saphenous vein catheters placed. Incremental IV contrast venography with pressure monitoring was performed on one limb with a tourniquet proximal to the stifle to estimate vascular filling volume. Intravenous regional limb perfusion was performed on the contralateral hindlimb using 5 mg\/kg amikacin, IV, diluted to the total filling volume. Systemic blood samples and synovial fluid were collected prior to infusion and immediately prior to and 30 minutes after tourniquet removal. Tibial bone marrow aspirates were collected after tourniquet removal. Samples were analyzed for amikacin concentration.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Contrast IVRLP perfused the pelvic limb distal to the tourniquet with a median volume of 10 mL (range, 6 to 16 mL) and perfusion pressure of 77.5 mm Hg (range, 37 to 130 mm Hg). The median systemic amikacin concentration with the tourniquet in place was low (0.6 \u03bcg\/mL) and increased to 11.5 \u03bcg\/mL following removal. The amikacin concentrations in synovial fluid and bone marrow were 109.8 and 49.7 \u03bcg\/mL, respectively, with high interdog variability.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Contrast venography and tissue amikacin levels suggest that IVRLP is feasible in the canine pelvic limb as the amikacin concentrations in 75% of synovial fluid and 33% of bone marrow samples exceeded 10 times the MIC required to inhibit 90% of isolates (MIC<jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>) reported for <jats:italic>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n<jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study offers a baseline protocol for canine IVRLP for use in limb infections. Further studies should focus on drug delivery optimization and clinical application.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.25.03.0098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T13:14:47Z","timestamp":1748524487000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Feasibility of amikacin antimicrobial intravenous regional limb perfusion in canine pelvic limbs"],"prefix":"10.2460","author":[{"given":"Gillian","family":"Davies","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samantha L.","family":"Morello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Center for Veterinary Business and Entrepreneurship, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4199-3948","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tatiana H.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyle J.","family":"Bartholomew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brett","family":"Nemke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Orthopedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2987-7722","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jason A.","family":"Bleedorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"B1","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"705","article-title":"Implant removal rate from infection after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in dogs","volume":"41","author":"Gallagher AD","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gallagher AD, Mertens WD. 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