{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T13:10:25Z","timestamp":1756818625454,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To assess the outcomes of and characterize the complications associated with limb amputations in ruminants and camelids.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Medical records at the Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital were electronically searched to identify any ruminants or camelids that had undergone a partial or complete limb amputation from 2013 through 2023. Information obtained included signalment, surgery information, duration of hospitalization, and complications. Long-term follow-up data were collected via an owner telephone questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study included 22 animals: 6 camelids, 11 caprines, 3 ovines, and 2 bovines. All animals that underwent amputation survived to discharge, with 3 cases (14%) developing transient short-term complications, including seroma or incisional infection. The mean duration of hospitalization was 3.5 days and 7.6 days for animals without and with short-term complications, respectively. Of the 18 cases that long-term follow-up was available for, 16 (89%) were alive with a good quality of life, and 2 reported minor difficulties in standing up following recumbency. Prostheses were fitted for 3 cases; however, in 2 cases owners reported that animals resented its use and were more comfortable without it. In the third case, severe sores developed; however, bilateral hindlimb amputations precluded discontinuing use.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Limb amputation is a viable option for ruminants and camelids, with good short-term and long-term outcomes in this study. Animals developing short-term complications had a longer hospitalization time. Prosthetic limbs were generally not well tolerated.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n<jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Ruminants and camelids undergoing limb amputation have a good prognosis, and this procedure should be considered as an option for cases where salvage of the limb is not possible.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.25.04.0115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T11:22:57Z","timestamp":1751282577000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Limb amputation has good owner satisfaction and outcomes in 22 livestock cases (2013\u20132023)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"86","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4493-8888","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Charlotte","family":"Barton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tristan C.","family":"Maker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8235-5066","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bridget F.","family":"Nottle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"B1","series-title":"Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere","first-page":"191","article-title":"[Limb amputation in 2 small ruminants]","volume":"48","author":"Schoiswohl J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schoiswohl J, Degasperi B, Schieder K, Ertelt K, Kofler J. [Limb amputation in 2 small ruminants]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere. 2020;48(3):191\u2013197. doi:10.1055\/a-1162-0247"},{"issue":"7","key":"B2","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"860","article-title":"Indications for and outcomes of limb amputation in goats and sheep","volume":"252","author":"Gamsjaeger L","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gamsjaeger L, Chigerwe M. Indications for and outcomes of limb amputation in goats and sheep. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2018;252(7):860\u2013863. doi:10.2460\/javma.252.7.860"},{"issue":"1","key":"B3","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract","first-page":"249","article-title":"Amputation and prosthesis","volume":"12","author":"St Jean G","year":"1996","unstructured":"St Jean G. Amputation and prosthesis. 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Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 2014;30(1):143\u2013155. doi:10.1016\/j.cvfa.2013.11.005"},{"issue":"2","key":"B6","series-title":"Vet Rec Case Rep","first-page":"e64","article-title":"Forelimb amputation and long-term follow-up in a White Dorper ram","volume":"9","author":"Bonow MO","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bonow MO, Veado HC, Borges JRJ, Soto-Blanco B, C\u00e2mara ACL. Forelimb amputation and long-term follow-up in a White Dorper ram. Vet Rec Case Rep. 2021;9(2):e64. doi:10.1002\/vrc2.64"},{"issue":"4","key":"B7","series-title":"J Vet Med Surg","first-page":"16","article-title":"Mid diaphyseal femoral amputation in a Saanen-cross- kid with multiple compound fractures of the right hind limb","volume":"1","author":"Abraham Gabriel A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abraham Gabriel A, Lawan Adamu SS, Nurul Hayah K, Rozanaliza R. Mid diaphyseal femoral amputation in a Saanen-cross- kid with multiple compound fractures of the right hind limb. 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A bacteriological survey of amputation wound sepsis. J Hosp Infect. 1989;13(2):167\u2013172. doi:10.1016\/0195-6701(89)90023-6"},{"year":"2014","unstructured":"Lower limb amputation: working together. National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death. November 14, 2014. Accessed December 2024. https:\/\/www.ncepod.org.uk\/2014lla.html","key":"B12"},{"issue":"7","key":"B13","series-title":"Int Wound J","first-page":"e14946","article-title":"The incidence of surgical site infection following major lower limb amputation: a systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Al-Saadi N","year":"2024","unstructured":"Al-Saadi N, Al-Hashimi K, Popplewell M, et al. The incidence of surgical site infection following major lower limb amputation: a systematic review. 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Prosthet Orthot Int. 2020;44(6):368\u2013372. doi:10.1177\/0309364620968643"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/86\/9\/ajvr.25.04.0115.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/86\/9\/ajvr.25.04.0115.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/86\/9\/ajvr.25.04.0115.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T12:37:03Z","timestamp":1756816623000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/86\/9\/ajvr.25.04.0115.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.25.04.0115","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645","1943-5681"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-9645"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1943-5681"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]}}}