{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T08:39:46Z","timestamp":1780735186192,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the diagnostic accuracy of the rapid point-of-care ELISA by IDEXX (SNAP) for detecting hypoadrenocorticism (HA) in dogs. A secondary aim was to evaluate the agreement between the SNAP and the veterinary reference laboratory (VRL) using chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (IMMULITE 2000) cortisol measurements. We hypothesized that the SNAP would correlate well with the VRL and aid in HA diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective observational diagnostic accuracy study was conducted from January 2023 through January 2024, enrolling dogs with suspected HA. Hypoadrenocorticism was diagnosed using an ACTH stimulation test, with basal serum cortisol (BSC) used for screening in some cases. Samples were analyzed by the SNAP and VRL, with the VRL serving as the gold standard.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      96 dogs were enrolled; 21 were diagnosed with HA. The SNAP showed correlation with the VRL (Spearman \u03c1 = 0.923;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001). Median BSC and post-ACTH cortisol concentrations did not differ significantly between methods. A BSC &lt; 2 \u00b5g\/dL yielded 100% sensitivity for both, with the SNAP showing higher specificity (73.1%) than the VRL (64.2%). Post-ACTH cortisol &lt; 2 \u00b5g\/dL was 100% specific by both methods, with 95.2% sensitivity using the SNAP. A 10.5% clinical discordance was observed. Passing-Bablok regression revealed proportional and constant bias, with the SNAP test tending to overestimate cortisol concentrations, but in the low cortisol range this overestimation appears minimal.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The SNAP correlated with the VRL for HA diagnosis; however, borderline post-ACTH SNAP results should be confirmed with the VRL. The SNAP-derived BSC may be more specific than the VRL for ruling out HA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The SNAP test aids HA diagnosis in urgent care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.25.04.0132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T13:43:49Z","timestamp":1753883029000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Diagnostic performance of an in-clinic cortisol assay in dogs with suspected hypoadrenocorticism"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"86","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1785-8877","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ana","family":"Torrano Guillam\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AniCura Valencia Sur Veterinary Hospital, Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Casandra","family":"Ju\u00e1rez Sarri\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AniCura Valencia Sur Veterinary Hospital, Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Prosper Asensi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AniCura Valencia Sur Veterinary Hospital, Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Castro L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AniCura Valencia Sur Veterinary Hospital, Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Garc\u00eda San Jos\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Arenas Bermejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AniCura Valencia Sur Veterinary Hospital, Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"B1","series-title":"Canine Med Genet","first-page":"6","article-title":"Diagnosis of canine spontaneous hypoadrenocorticism","author":"Guzm\u00e1n Ramos PJ","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guzm\u00e1n Ramos PJ, Bennaim M, Shiel RE, Mooney CT. Diagnosis of canine spontaneous hypoadrenocorticism. Canine Med Genet. 2022;9(1):6. doi:10.1186\/s40575-022-00119-4"},{"key":"B2","series-title":"Comp Haematol Int","first-page":"170","article-title":"Validation and application of solid-phase chemiluminescent immunoassays for diagnosis of endocrine diseases in animals","author":"Reimers TJ","year":"1996","unstructured":"Reimers TJ, Salerno VJ, Lamb SV. Validation and application of solid-phase chemiluminescent immunoassays for diagnosis of endocrine diseases in animals. Comp Haematol Int. 1996;6:170\u2013175. doi:10.1007\/BF00368462"},{"issue":"12","key":"B3","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1580","article-title":"Analytic performance evaluation of a veterinary-specific ELISA for measurement of serum cortisol concentrations of dogs","author":"Lane MB","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lane MB, Flatland B, Olin SJ, Fecteau KA, Rick M, Giori L. Analytic performance evaluation of a veterinary-specific ELISA for measurement of serum cortisol concentrations of dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2018;253(12):1580\u20131588. doi:10.2460\/javma.253.12.1580"},{"issue":"3","key":"B4","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"413","article-title":"Use of basal serum or plasma cortisol concentrations to rule out a diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs: 123 cases (2000-2005)","author":"Lennon EM","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lennon EM, Boyle TE, Hutchins RG, et al. Use of basal serum or plasma cortisol concentrations to rule out a diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs: 123 cases (2000-2005). 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J Vet Intern Med. 2016;30(6):1798\u20131805. doi:10.1111\/jvim.14589"},{"issue":"3","key":"B7","series-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest","first-page":"261","article-title":"Validation of nonradioactive chemiluminescent immunoassay methods for the analysis of thyroxine and cortisol in blood samples obtained from dogs, cats, and horses","author":"Singh AK","year":"1997","unstructured":"Singh AK, Jiang Y, White T, Spassova D. Validation of nonradioactive chemiluminescent immunoassay methods for the analysis of thyroxine and cortisol in blood samples obtained from dogs, cats, and horses. J Vet Diagn Invest. 1997;9(3):261\u2013268. doi:10.1177\/104063879700900307"},{"issue":"3","key":"B8","series-title":"Vet Clin Pathol","first-page":"332","article-title":"Comparison of the VIDAS and IMMULITE-2000 methods for cortisol measurement in canine serum","author":"Proverbio D","year":"2009","unstructured":"Proverbio D, Groppetti D, Spada E, Perego R. Comparison of the VIDAS and IMMULITE-2000 methods for cortisol measurement in canine serum. Vet Clin Pathol. 2009;38(3):332\u2013336. doi:10.1111\/j.1939-165X.2009.00135.x"},{"issue":"9","key":"B9","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1618","article-title":"Effects of storage on concentration of hydrocortisone (cortisol) in canine serum and plasma","author":"Olson PN","year":"1981","unstructured":"Olson PN, Bowen RA, Husted PW, Nett TM. Effects of storage on concentration of hydrocortisone (cortisol) in canine serum and plasma. Am J Vet Res. 1981;42(9):1618\u20131620. doi:10.2460\/ajvr.1981.42.09.1618"},{"issue":"10","key":"B10","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1564","article-title":"Effect of storage conditions on cortisol, total thyroxine, and free thyroxine concentrations in serum and plasma of dogs","author":"Behrend EN","year":"1998","unstructured":"Behrend EN, Kemppainen RJ, Young DW. Effect of storage conditions on cortisol, total thyroxine, and free thyroxine concentrations in serum and plasma of dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1998;212(10):1564\u20131568. doi:10.2460\/javma.1998.212.10.1564"},{"key":"B11","series-title":"Analytic performance of a veterinary-specific biosensor-based assay for canine serum cortisol measurement","author":"Brady C","unstructured":"Brady C, Olin S, Giori L, Whittemore J. Analytic performance of a veterinary-specific biosensor-based assay for canine serum cortisol measurement. Presented at: American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Conference; June 15\u201317, 2023; Philadelphia, PA."},{"key":"B12","series-title":"Diagnosis of canine hyperadrenocorticism using a point-of-care cortisol assay","author":"Narwold A","unstructured":"Narwold A, Ward C, Wood A. Diagnosis of canine hyperadrenocorticism using a point-of-care cortisol assay. Presented at: American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Conference; June 23\u201325, 2022; Austin, TX."}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/86\/11\/ajvr.25.04.0132.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/86\/11\/ajvr.25.04.0132.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/86\/11\/ajvr.25.04.0132.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T15:28:50Z","timestamp":1762529330000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/86\/11\/ajvr.25.04.0132.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.25.04.0132","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645","1943-5681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9645","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-5681","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]}}}