{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T18:43:51Z","timestamp":1788374631472,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Colombian Criollo horses are bred for their smooth gaits that emphasize full collection and rapid footfall. The physiological demands of these gaits remain unknown. Our objective was to determine if oxygen consumption, ventilation, locomotor-respiratory coupling, and running economy differed between the trot or trocha and the gallop.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      7 competition horses completed a controlled design standardized field test between January 10 and 20, 2025. Horses wore a cardiotachometer and ergospirometer to measure heart rate, oxygen consumption, and ventilation at the trot or trocha and the gallop. Locomotor-respiratory coupling and running economy were determined. Measurement differences were analyzed between gaits (paired\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      test;\n                      <jats:italic>P &lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      .05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oxygen consumption and minute ventilation were similar between the trot or trocha (80 \u00b1 12 mL\/[kg\u00b7min]; 774 \u00b1 113 L\/min) and gallop (82 \u00b1 20 mL\/[kg\u00b7min]; 771 \u00b1 141 L\/min). However, respiratory frequency was higher during the trot or trocha (108 \u00b1 20 breaths\/min) than gallop (91 \u00b1 11 breaths\/min), and tidal volume was lower (7.3 \u00b1 1.8 L vs 8.6 \u00b1 2.3 L). No differences were observed in peak inspiratory or expiratory airflow despite longer inspirations and expirations during the gallop (0.34 \u00b1 0.05 s; 0.32 \u00b1 0.04 s) than the trot or trocha (0.29 \u00b1 0.06 s; 0.28 \u00b1 0.06 s). Stride frequency and heart rate were similar between the trot or trocha (2.3 \u00b1 0.2 strides\/s; 159 \u00b1 28 beats\/min) and the gallop (2.2 \u00b1 0.1 strides\/s; 154 \u00b1 17 beats\/min). Locomotor-respiratory coupling was 1.7:1 (\u00b10.6) at the trot or trocha, compared to 3:2 (\u00b10.3) with the gallop. The running economy was lower during the gallop than the trot or trocha.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The trot or trocha and gallop represent submaximal exercise. Locomotor-respiratory coupling (&gt; 1:1) and RE differed between gaits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:bold>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Locomotor-respiratory coupling differed between the trot or trocha and the gallop and was greater than the usual 1:1 observed with 3- and 4-beat gaits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.25.04.0151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T13:17:45Z","timestamp":1752499065000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Colombian Criollo horses\u2019 trot, trocha, and gallop are submaximal oxygen consumption gaits with unique locomotory-respiratory coupling"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Shannon","family":"Massie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lady Consuelo Calixto","family":"Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CENTAURO Research Group, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad de Antioquia, Medell\u00edn, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ang\u00e9lica Mar\u00eda","family":"Zuluaga-Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GISCA Research Group, Instituci\u00f3n Universitaria Visi\u00f3n de las Am\u00e9ricas, Medell\u00edn, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Warwick M.","family":"Bayly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Grimes Way, Pullman, WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renaud","family":"L\u00e9guillette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"B1","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0202584","article-title":"Selection on the Colombian paso horse\u2019s gaits has produced kinematic differences partly explained by the DMRT3 gene","author":"Novoa-Bravo M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Novoa-Bravo M, J\u00e4derkvist Fegraeus K, Rhodin M, et al. 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