{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T12:57:39Z","timestamp":1782737859370,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study investigated the distribution, types, and geographic distribution of oral tumors in cats in Switzerland, providing insights into demographics, tumor features, and emerging trends.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed pathology records of oral tumors in cats diagnosed between 2012 and 2022 from diagnostic laboratories in Switzerland. Only histologically confirmed neoplasms were included; inflammatory and cystic lesions were excluded. Geographic distributions were assessed using postal addresses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 339 reports of oral tumors in cats, 294 met inclusion criteria. Malignant tumors dominated 82.0% (241 of 294), with squamous cell carcinoma most prevalent (70.5% [170 of 241]), followed by fibrosarcoma (7.2% [19 of 241]), melanoma (4.6% [11 of 241]), and adenocarcinoma (4.6% [11 of 241]). Benign tumors represented 18.0% (53 of 294), mostly with peripheral odontogenic fibroma (8.2% [24 of 294]). Squamous cell carcinoma was commonly located on the tongue (24.0% [33 of 137]), accounting for all tumors identified in the sublingual region (100% [17 of 17]). Peripheral odontogenic fibroma occurred mainly in caudal mandibles (41.7% [10 of 24]). Histopathologic analysis revealed that ulceration and necrosis were frequent in malignant cases, with a broader range and higher mitotic indices (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .0001). The European Shorthair was the most commonly represented breed (80.6% [237 of 294]), and older cats (median age 13 years) were most affected.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results emphasize the high frequency of malignant oral tumors, particularly squamous cell carcinoma, in cats in Switzerland, consistent with trends observed in other regions, and identified distinct histopathologic characteristics differentiating malignant from benign cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Investigating the prevalence, types, and geographic distribution of oral tumors in cats in Switzerland may support awareness, early detection, accurate diagnosis, and potentially better clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.25.05.0161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T12:21:49Z","timestamp":1753964509000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A retrospective study of oral tumors in cats in Switzerland identifies squamous cell carcinoma as the predominant tumor type"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Eva E.","family":"Gasymova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Tierklinik Aarau West, Oberentfelden, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2953-376X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Janny V.","family":"Evenhuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Goldschmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boaz","family":"Arzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Vapniarsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"B1","series-title":"J Comp Pathol","first-page":"195","article-title":"Swiss feline cancer registry 1965\u20132008: the influence of sex, breed and age on tumour types and tumour locations","author":"Graf R","year":"2016","unstructured":"Graf R, Gr\u00fcntzig K, Boo G, et al. Swiss feline cancer registry 1965\u20132008: the influence of sex, breed and age on tumour types and tumour locations. J Comp Pathol. 2016;154(2\u20133):195\u2013210. doi:10.1016\/j.jcpa.2016.01.008"},{"issue":"2","key":"B2","series-title":"Vet Pathol","first-page":"121","article-title":"Feline oral neoplasia: a ten-year survey","author":"Stebbins KE","year":"1989","unstructured":"Stebbins KE, Morse CC, Goldschmidt MH. Feline oral neoplasia: a ten-year survey. Vet Pathol. 1989;26(2):121\u2013128."},{"key":"B3","year":"2025","unstructured":"Evolution of cat population in Switzerland. Identitas. 2025. Accessed February 16, 2025. https:\/\/tierstatistik.identitas.ch\/en\/cats-CH.html"},{"issue":"3","key":"B4","series-title":"J Dent (Shiraz)","first-page":"146","article-title":"Delay in the diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer","author":"Jafari A","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jafari A, Najafi S, Moradi F, Kharazifard M, Khami M. Delay in the diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer. J Dent (Shiraz). 2013;14(3):146\u2013150."},{"issue":"5","key":"B5","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"777","article-title":"Treatment of mandibular squamous cell carcinoma in cats by use of mandibulectomy and radiotherapy: seven cases (1987\u20131989)","author":"Hutson CA","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hutson CA, Willauer CC, Walder EJ, Stone JL, Klein MK. Treatment of mandibular squamous cell carcinoma in cats by use of mandibulectomy and radiotherapy: seven cases (1987\u20131989). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1992;201(5):777\u2013781. doi:10.2460\/javma.1992.201.05.777"},{"issue":"4","key":"B6","series-title":"Vet Comp Oncol","first-page":"641","article-title":"Outcomes of cats treated with maxillectomy: 60 cases. A veterinary society of surgical oncology retrospective study","author":"Liptak JM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liptak JM, Thatcher GP, Mestrinho LA, et al. Outcomes of cats treated with maxillectomy: 60 cases. A veterinary society of surgical oncology retrospective study. Vet Comp Oncol. 2021;19(4):641\u2013650. doi:10.1111\/vco.12634"},{"issue":"4","key":"B7","series-title":"J Vet Dent","first-page":"347","article-title":"Feline oral melanoma\u2014a retrospective study in 20 cats and case report","author":"Briggs A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Briggs A, Bell C, Greenfield B. Feline oral melanoma\u2014a retrospective study in 20 cats and case report. J Vet Dent. 2023;40(4):347\u2013357. doi:10.1177\/08987564231198791"},{"issue":"3","key":"B8","series-title":"J Vet Dent","first-page":"140","article-title":"Polyamine inhibitors for treatment of feline oral squamous cell carcinoma: a proof-of-concept study","author":"Lewis JR","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lewis JR, O\u2019Brien TG, Skorupski KA, et al. Polyamine inhibitors for treatment of feline oral squamous cell carcinoma: a proof-of-concept study. J Vet Dent. 2013;30(3):140\u2013145. doi:10.1177\/089875641303000301"},{"issue":"1","key":"B9","series-title":"Aust Vet J","first-page":"22","article-title":"The management of oral tumours in dogs and cats","author":"Emms SG","year":"1987","unstructured":"Emms SG. The management of oral tumours in dogs and cats. Aust Vet J. 1987;64(1):22\u201325. doi:10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1987.tb06052.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"B10","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"1009","article-title":"Mandibulectomy and maxillectomy","author":"Verstraete FJM","year":"2005","unstructured":"Verstraete FJM. Mandibulectomy and maxillectomy. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2005;35(4):1009\u20131039. doi:10.1016\/j.cvsm.2005.03.005"},{"issue":"4","key":"B11","series-title":"Vet Comp Oncol","first-page":"788","article-title":"Combining radiation therapy with zoledronate for the treatment of osteo-invasive feline oral squamous cell carcinoma","author":"Lundberg AP","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lundberg AP, Tran Hoang C, Billhymer A, Selting KA. Combining radiation therapy with zoledronate for the treatment of osteo-invasive feline oral squamous cell carcinoma. Vet Comp Oncol. 2022;20(4):788\u2013796. doi:10.1111\/vco.12830"},{"issue":"3","key":"B12","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"609","article-title":"Oral and maxillofacial surgery in dogs and cats","author":"Zacher AM","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zacher AM, Marretta SM. Oral and maxillofacial surgery in dogs and cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2013;43(3):609\u2013649. doi:10.1016\/j.cvsm.2013.02.010"},{"issue":"1","key":"B13","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"155","article-title":"Radiation therapy in the treatment of oral neoplasia","author":"Burk RL","year":"1996","unstructured":"Burk RL. Radiation therapy in the treatment of oral neoplasia. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 1996;26(1):155\u2013163. doi:10.1016\/S0195-5616(96)50014-8"},{"issue":"4","key":"B14","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"460","article-title":"Mandibular resection for removal of oral tumors in 30 dogs and 6 cats","author":"Bradley RL","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bradley RL, MacEwen EG, Loar AS. Mandibular resection for removal of oral tumors in 30 dogs and 6 cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1984;184(4):460\u2013463. doi:10.2460\/javma.1984.184.04.460"},{"issue":"5","key":"B15","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"350","article-title":"Outcomes of cats with oral tumors treated with mandibulectomy: 42 cases","author":"Northrup NC","year":"2006","unstructured":"Northrup NC, Selting KA, Rassnick KM, et al. Outcomes of cats with oral tumors treated with mandibulectomy: 42 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2006;42(5):350\u2013360. doi:10.5326\/0420350"},{"issue":"1","key":"B16","series-title":"J Vet Dent","first-page":"7","article-title":"Histopathologic diagnoses from biopsies of the oral cavity in 403 dogs and 73 cats","author":"Wingo K","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wingo K. Histopathologic diagnoses from biopsies of the oral cavity in 403 dogs and 73 cats. J Vet Dent. 2018;35(1):7\u201317. doi:10.1177\/0898756418759760"},{"issue":"6","key":"B17","series-title":"Vet Pathol","first-page":"651","article-title":"A comparative review of melanocytic neoplasms","author":"Smith SH","year":"2002","unstructured":"Smith SH, Goldschmidt MH, McManus PM. A comparative review of melanocytic neoplasms. Vet Pathol. 2002;39(6):651\u2013678. doi:10.1354\/vp.39-6-651"},{"issue":"6","key":"B18","series-title":"Vet Pathol","first-page":"1017","article-title":"Immunohistochemical evaluation of suspected oral malignant melanoma in cats","author":"Saverino KM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Saverino KM, Durham AC, Kiupel M, Reiter AM. Immunohistochemical evaluation of suspected oral malignant melanoma in cats. Vet Pathol. 2021;58(6):1017\u20131024. doi:10.1177\/03009858211025793"},{"issue":"6","key":"B19","series-title":"Vet Pathol","first-page":"826","article-title":"Immunohistochemical features of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in feline oral squamous cell carcinoma","author":"Harris K","year":"2019","unstructured":"Harris K, Gelberg HB, Kiupel M, Helfand SC. Immunohistochemical features of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in feline oral squamous cell carcinoma. Vet Pathol. 2019;56(6):826\u2013839. doi:10.1177\/0300985819859873"},{"key":"B20","series-title":"Front Vet Sci","first-page":"591437","article-title":"Computed tomographic and histopathological characteristics of 13 equine and 10 feline oral and sinonasal squamous cell carcinomas","author":"Strohmayer C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Strohmayer C, Klang A, Kneissl S. Computed tomographic and histopathological characteristics of 13 equine and 10 feline oral and sinonasal squamous cell carcinomas. Front Vet Sci. 2020;7:591437. doi:10.3389\/fvets.2020.591437"},{"issue":"12","key":"B21","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"e647\u2013e654","article-title":"Feline maxillary sarcoma: clinicopathologic features of spindle cell sarcomas from the maxilla of 25 cats","author":"Harvey A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Harvey A, Soukup JW, Bell CM. Feline maxillary sarcoma: clinicopathologic features of spindle cell sarcomas from the maxilla of 25 cats. J Feline Med Surg. 2022;24(12):e647\u2013e654. doi:10.1177\/1098612X221128260"},{"issue":"4","key":"B22","series-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst","first-page":"855","article-title":"Nonhematopoietic neoplasms in cats","author":"Patnaik AK","year":"1975","unstructured":"Patnaik AK, Liu SK, Hurvitz AI, McClelland AJ. Nonhematopoietic neoplasms in cats. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1975;54(4):855\u2013860."},{"issue":"2","key":"B23","series-title":"Vet Comp Oncol","first-page":"302","article-title":"A retrospective study of canine oral extramedullary plasmacytoma over a 15-year period (July 2004\u2013July 2019): treatment, histologic parameters and clinical outcomes","author":"Evenhuis JV","year":"2023","unstructured":"Evenhuis JV, Oates A, Hoyer N, Vilander AC, Thamm DH, Worley DR. A retrospective study of canine oral extramedullary plasmacytoma over a 15-year period (July 2004\u2013July 2019): treatment, histologic parameters and clinical outcomes. Vet Comp Oncol. 2023;21(2):302\u2013314. doi:10.1111\/vco.12888"},{"issue":"4","key":"B24","series-title":"J Vet Dent","first-page":"241","article-title":"Clinical characterization of canine acanthomatous ameloblastoma (CAA) in 263 dogs and the influence of postsurgical histopathological margin on local recurrence","author":"Goldschmidt SL","year":"2017","unstructured":"Goldschmidt SL, Bell CM, Hetzel S, Soukup J. Clinical characterization of canine acanthomatous ameloblastoma (CAA) in 263 dogs and the influence of postsurgical histopathological margin on local recurrence. J Vet Dent. 2017;34(4):241\u2013247. doi:10.1177\/0898756417734312"},{"issue":"2","key":"B25","series-title":"J Nobel Med Coll","first-page":"65","article-title":"Peripheral odontogenic fibroma- case series of a rare benign tumor","author":"Dawadi A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dawadi A, Lamichhane S, Humagain M, Poudel P, Bhusal S. Peripheral odontogenic fibroma- case series of a rare benign tumor. J Nobel Med Coll. 2022;10(2):65\u201369. doi:10.3126\/jonmc.v10i2.41794"},{"issue":"4","key":"B26","series-title":"J Vet Int Med","first-page":"557","article-title":"Environmental and lifestyle risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma in domestic cats","author":"Bertone ER","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bertone ER, Snyder LA, Moore AS. Environmental and lifestyle risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma in domestic cats. J Vet Int Med. 2003;17(4):557\u2013562. doi:10.1892\/0891-6640(2003)017<0557:EALRFF>2.3.CO;2"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/86\/10\/ajvr.25.05.0161.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/86\/10\/ajvr.25.05.0161.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/86\/10\/ajvr.25.05.0161.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T15:22:09Z","timestamp":1762528929000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/86\/10\/ajvr.25.05.0161.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.25.05.0161","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645","1943-5681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9645","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-5681","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]}}}