{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T08:15:40Z","timestamp":1780647340490,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate changes in plasma endothelial cell\u2013specific molecule\u20131 (ESM-1) concentrations following mitral regurgitation (MR) induction in dogs and to evaluate their association with established diagnostic markers of myxomatous mitral valve disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Purpose-bred Beagles were enrolled in a prospective, nonrandomized, controlled trial from January 2024 through March 2025. Mitral regurgitation was induced in each dog via a minimally invasive intervention under fluoroscopic guidance with mean left atrial pressure monitoring. Plasma ESM-1 concentrations were measured at baseline, 30 minutes postoperatively (PO), and 6 weeks PO. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations and hemodynamic, radiographic, and echocardiographic variables were evaluated at baseline and 6 weeks PO.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All 6 Beagles enrolled in the study developed pathological MR without clinical signs. Their plasma ESM-1 concentrations significantly increased at 6 weeks PO from the baseline, whereas no significant change was observed at 30 minutes PO. The ESM-1 concentration was positively correlated with the left atrial-to-aortic diameter ratio, peak early diastolic transmitral velocity, and early diastolic transmitral velocity\u2013to\u2013early diastolic mitral annular velocity. No significant correlations were found for other variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Experimentally induced MR led to a delayed but significant increase in plasma ESM-1 concentrations, which were positively associated with echocardiographic indicators of diastolic dysfunction and left atrial volume overload. Endothelial cell\u2013specific molecule\u20131 expression and acute mean left atrial pressure elevation were not associated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Plasma ESM-1 concentrations may reflect early endothelial glycocalyx degradation during the asymptomatic stages of myxomatous mitral valve disease and represent a potential endothelial injury biomarker in veterinary cardiology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.25.05.0171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T13:43:48Z","timestamp":1753883028000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of experimentally induced mitral regurgitation on endothelial cell\u2013specific molecule\u20131 as a biomarker of endothelial injury in dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Seongsoo","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Emergency Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daeyun","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Emergency Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beomkwan","family":"Namgoong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Emergency Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heesung","family":"Uhm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Emergency Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeajeong","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Emergency Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanju","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Emergency Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Emergency Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seunghun","family":"Heo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Emergency Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jihwan","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Emergency Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheyoun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Emergency Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayoung","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Emergency Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Su","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Emergency Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"B1","series-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci","first-page":"481","article-title":"The prevalence and types of cardiovascular disease in dogs","volume":"127","author":"Detweiler D","year":"1965","unstructured":"Detweiler D, Patterson D. 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Retrospective study of degenerative mitral valve disease in small-breed dogs: survival and prognostic variables. J Vet Sci. 2017;18(3):369\u2013376. doi:10.4142\/jvs.2017.18.3.369"},{"key":"B4","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"34","article-title":"Pulmonary arterial hypertension secondary to chronic left-sided cardiac dysfunction in dogs","volume":"50","author":"Stepien RL","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stepien RL. Pulmonary arterial hypertension secondary to chronic left-sided cardiac dysfunction in dogs. J Small Anim Pract. 2009;50(suppl 1):34\u201343. doi:10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2009.00802.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"B5","series-title":"Redox Biol","first-page":"1","article-title":"Nitrosative stress and redox-cycling agents synergize to cause mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death in endothelial cells","volume":"1","author":"Diers AR","year":"2013","unstructured":"Diers AR, Broniowska KA, Hogg N. 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