{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T11:29:16Z","timestamp":1777548556225,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To determine the diagnostic accuracy of sedated respiratory-gated (RG) CT as a minimally invasive surrogate for anesthetized, ventilator-assisted inspiratory-expiratory breath-hold (I:E-BH) CT scans by being able to identify CT lung patterns and subpatterns, abnormal and normal lung attenuation scores, and bronchomalacia (BM) in dogs with respiratory disease.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Sedated RG CT and anesthetized I:E-BH CT images were sequentially acquired in 50 client-owned dogs with respiratory clinical signs. Computed tomography lung patterns and subpatterns, 2 CT severity scores, and the presence of BM were assessed. Agreement was estimated using unweighted and weighted Cohen \u03ba coefficients and Bland-Altman plots. McNemar tests and mixed-effects logistic or ordinal logistic regressions were utilized to evaluate discordant pairs between CT techniques.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Both scan types had minimal motion artifact. Nodular pattern and airspace nodules and reticular and subpleural interstitial thickening subpatterns were significantly underestimated in RG CT compared to I:E-BH CT. A fair agreement was estimated between the 2 methods for normal lung scores but not for abnormal lung scores, and for BM. There was a significant difference between the two techniques in diagnosing clinical BM. Inspiratory-expiratory breath-hold CT yielded more BM diagnoses, especially in younger dogs with milder BM scores.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n In dogs with respiratory disease, RG CT had good concordance with I:E-BH CT on most major lung patterns but not some nodular and linear subpatterns, underdetecting subtle but clinically relevant lesions. The probability of diagnosing clinical BM is higher with I:E-BH CT, particularly in milder cases.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n Compared to RG CT, anesthetized I:E-BH CT provides superior technique and detail that allows for characterization of some subpatterns, which could have diagnostic implications.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.25.08.0290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T17:20:58Z","timestamp":1764091258000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparison of sedated respiratory-gated computed tomography to anesthetized inspiratory-expiratory breath-hold computed tomography in dogs with respiratory disease"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8690-517X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Iliana","family":"Navarro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8146-0580","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aida","family":"Vient\u00f3s-Plotts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO"},{"name":"Bringing REspiration and Aerodigestion Toward HEalth (BREATHE) Clinic, Veterinary Health Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Masseau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sciences Cliniques, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, St-Hyacinthe, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alok","family":"Dwivedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Biostatistics, and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6382-5582","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carol","family":"Reinero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO"},{"name":"Bringing REspiration and Aerodigestion Toward HEalth (BREATHE) Clinic, Veterinary Health Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"B1","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","first-page":"525","article-title":"Thoracic high resolution CT using the modified VetMousetrap device is a feasible method for diagnosing canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in awake West Highland White Terriers","volume":"60","author":"Holopainen S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Holopainen S, Rautala E, Lilja-Maula L, Lohi H, Rajam\u00e4ki MM, Lappalainen AK. 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