{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T13:11:36Z","timestamp":1780060296426,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the prevalence, age at first radiographic detection, severity, and progression of thoracic spondylosis deformans (SD) in search-and-rescue (SAR) dogs enrolled in a long-term medical surveillance program.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective case series analyzed thoracic radiographs from 127 SAR dogs. All dogs participated in a 15-year medical surveillance program beginning in 2001. Thoracic radiographs and health data were submitted annually by handlers when available; however, radiographs were not submitted each year consistently, and some data points were missing. One board-certified radiologist reviewed the radiographs for the presence, severity, and progression of thoracic SD. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize signalment and radiographic findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 127 dogs evaluated, 81 (63.8%) had thoracic SD identified on radiographs. The average age at first detection was 8.7 years (range, 2.0 to 15.8 years). Severity was classified as mild in 52.9% of cases, moderate in 32.8%, and severe in 14.2%. Radiographic progression occurred in 40% of affected dogs. The condition was observed across multiple breeds, including German Shepherd Dogs and Labrador Retrievers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thoracic SD, an enthesopathy, is a common and sometimes progressive finding in SAR dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although historically considered an incidental finding, the identification of thoracic SD may inform long-term musculoskeletal monitoring and clinical management strategies for SAR and other working dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.25.08.0309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T17:07:46Z","timestamp":1772471266000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Thoracic spondylosis deformans in search-and-rescue dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Gretchen J.","family":"Powers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Army Medical Department Student Detachment, 187th Medical Battalion, 32nd Medical Brigade, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX"},{"name":"Penn Vet Working Dog Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1965-9599","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Clara","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Penn Vet Working Dog Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Reetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amritha","family":"Mallikarjun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Penn Vet Working Dog Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Capparell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Penn Vet Working Dog Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0846-2114","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cynthia M.","family":"Otto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Penn Vet Working Dog Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"B1","series-title":"Vet J","first-page":"e84","article-title":"Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) and spondylosis deformans in purebred dogs: a retrospective radiographic study","author":"Kranenburg HJC","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kranenburg HJC, Voorhout G, Grinwis GCM, Hazewinkel HAW, Meij BP. 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