{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T15:05:36Z","timestamp":1772463936814,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the effects of varied feed consistency and administration of xylazine or N-butylscopolammonium bromide on 3 phases of swallowing and characterize esophageal motility following barium administration via nasoesophageal tube.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>8 healthy horses were enrolled for 2.5 consecutive weeks. Horses underwent experimental videofluoroscopic swallow studies before and after sedated and anticholinergic interventions. Esophageal motility was assessed with barium administered via nasoesophageal tube and with barium-admixed feedstuffs of 3 consistencies with increasing viscosity. Phases were assessed with swallow metrics adapted from canine studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cranial esophageal transit rate was faster in horses with no treatment than after xylazine administration (n = 7; marginal effect, \u22120.018 m\/s; 95% CI, \u22120.034 to \u22120.002 m\/s). The cranial esophageal transit rate was faster for liquid compared to intermediate consistency (marginal effect, \u22120.015 m\/s; 95% CI, \u22120.030 to \u22120.001 m\/s) and liquid compared to solid consistency (marginal effect, \u22120.022; 95% CI, \u22120.038 to \u22120.007 m\/s). There were no significant differences in esophageal transit rate for thoracic inlet to caudal esophagus between treatments or consistencies. Multiple horses experienced bolus retention following administration of N-butylscopolammonium bromide and xylazine. Thoracic inlet contrast pooling occurred during nasoesophageal intubation trials prior to initiation of peristalsis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Xylazine administration resulted in prolonged esophageal transit time with increased feed consistency. N-butylscopolammonium bromide administration increased incidence of bolus retention. Nasoesophageal tube administration of barium results in initial contrast pooling within the thoracic inlet.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Equine videofluoroscopic swallow studies are feasible to evaluate dysphagia and esophageal disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.25.09.0316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T18:55:46Z","timestamp":1765997746000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Videofluoroscopy shows clinically relevant changes in swallow metrics and esophageal transit in normal horses with xylazine, anticholinergic use, and varied feed consistency"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8026-6883","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Erica C.","family":"Dobbs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital, Lexington, KY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth V.","family":"Acutt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1270-0998","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexandra M.","family":"Scharf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Manzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darko","family":"Stefanovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn W.","family":"Bills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"B1","series-title":"In Pract","first-page":"450","article-title":"Management of oesophageal obstruction (\u2018choke\u2019) in horses","volume":"17","author":"Hillyer M","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hillyer M. Management of oesophageal obstruction (\u2018choke\u2019) in horses. In Pract. 1995;17(10):450\u2013456. doi:10.1136\/inpract.17.10.450."},{"issue":"3","key":"B2","series-title":"Can Vet J","first-page":"207","article-title":"Esophageal obstruction in horses: a retrospective study of 34 cases","volume":"41","author":"Feige K","year":"2000","unstructured":"Feige K, Schwarzwal C, Furst A, Kaser-Hotz B. Esophageal obstruction in horses: a retrospective study of 34 cases. Can Vet J. 2000;41(3):207\u2013210."},{"key":"B3","series-title":"Clinical Radiology of the Horse","first-page":"694","article-title":"Oesophagus","author":"Butler JA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Butler JA. Oesophagus. In: Clinical Radiology of the Horse. John Wiley & Sons Inc. 2017; 694\u2013705."},{"issue":"6","key":"B4","series-title":"Equine Vet Educ","first-page":"291","article-title":"Diagnosing disorders of the equine oesophagus","volume":"27","author":"Sutton DGM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sutton DGM. Diagnosing disorders of the equine oesophagus. Equine Vet Educ. 2015;27(6):291\u2013294. doi:10.1111\/eve.12359"},{"issue":"1","key":"B5","series-title":"Equine Vet Educ","first-page":"32","article-title":"Computed tomography assisted surgical correction of persistent right aortic arch in a neonatal foal","volume":"18","author":"Bauer S","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bauer S, Livesey MA, Bjorling DE, Darien BJ. Computed tomography assisted surgical correction of persistent right aortic arch in a neonatal foal. Equine Vet Educ. 2006;18(1):32\u201336. doi:10.1111\/j.2042-3292.2006.tb00411.x"},{"issue":"5","key":"B6","series-title":"Equine Vet Educ","first-page":"230","article-title":"Congenital oesophageal stricture in an Arabian filly treated by balloon dilation","volume":"27","author":"Berlin D","year":"2015","unstructured":"Berlin D, Shaabon K, Peery D. Congenital oesophageal stricture in an Arabian filly treated by balloon dilation. 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