{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T14:15:55Z","timestamp":1777904155786,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine if a single training session suffices for teaching novices construction of the 4S-modified Roeder (4SModR) slip knot.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From June through August 2022, Doctor of Veterinary Medicine candidates received written and video-based tutorials prior to a single in-person training session performed by a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine candidate with extensive training but without laparoscopic surgical experience (intermediate). Knots were tied before and after a single training session using a laparoscopic video trainer, and instruction proceeded until each participant correctly tied 4 consecutive knots. Novice and intermediate tied knots underwent biomechanical testing. Training time and common errors were documented. The 2 most common knot-tying errors were reproduced by the intermediate tyer and biomechanically tested.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Post-training novice-tied 4SModR knots were significantly stronger than the pretraining knots in both loop holding strength and load at failure. The failure load, but not the loop holding strength, of post-training knots was lower than the intermediate tyer\u2019s knot constructs. The inability to differentiate the loop end and the post end resulted in significantly weaker knots, with 9 of 12 knots with that error recreated failing at less than 7 N before load.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A short training session results in weaker knots when compared to knots tied by a more experienced tyer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Substantial training time is required to learn and produce a strong 4SModR knot. Adequate time to learn, practice, and perform these knots should be allocated for surgery trainees.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.25.09.0330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T18:34:34Z","timestamp":1770230074000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A single in-person training session using a laparoscopic video trainer is insufficient for teaching the construction of 4S-modified Roeder slip knots"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Caroline G.","family":"Sirr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xianglong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Voiland College of Engineering and Architecture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claude A.","family":"Ragle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Vasavada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Voiland College of Engineering and Architecture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boel A.","family":"Fransson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"B1","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"821","article-title":"Comparison of laparoscopic-assisted technique and open laparotomy for gastrointestinal biopsy in cats","author":"McClaran JK","year":"2017","unstructured":"McClaran JK, Skerrett SC, Currao RL, Pavia PR, Tarvin KM. 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