{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T15:07:18Z","timestamp":1772464038098,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the biomechanical strength of 2 different condylar titanium plating systems (trapezoid and lambda condylar plates) in medium- to large-breed dogs for repair of mandibular condylar fractures under physiologic bite forces.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An experimental study design was utilized in which mandibular condylar process fractures were simulated in medium- to large-breed adult dog cadaver heads. The selected implant was applied to the simulated fracture. The jaws were loaded in a load-to-failure test simulating a bite on a unilateral object while measuring bite force.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 12 dog cadaver specimens, all constructs failed at simulated bite forces greater than expected physiologic bite force (600 N). The mean (SD) force to failure was 1,006.5 N (344.7) for the lambda plates and 847.8 N (78.0) for the trapezoid plates. There was no statistically significant difference in mean force to failure when comparing the different types of plates. Some degree of screw pullout occurred in 50% of specimens tested with the trapezoid plates. There was no significant difference in mode of failure between the 2 groups. The most common mechanism of failure was breakage of the loading apparatus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both condylar lambda plates and trapezoid plates sustain expected physiologic bite forces in domestic dogs after implantation. There is no significant difference in the force to failure for either type of implant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These data support that both lambda condylar plates and trapezoid plates are suitable for open reduction and internal fixation of mandibular condylar process fractures in medium- to large-breed dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.25.10.0365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T19:23:01Z","timestamp":1765826581000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Biomechanical evaluation of two plating systems for fixation of mandibular condylar process fractures in dogs demonstrates sustainability under bite forces"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2953-376X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Janny V.","family":"Evenhuis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentistry and Oral Surgery Service, William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Desvages","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mindy A.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentistry and Oral Surgery Service, William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanya C.","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie L.","family":"Goldschmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boaz","family":"Arzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"S2","key":"B1","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"S44","article-title":"Contemporary management of temporomandibular joint fractures in dogs and cats: review and expert insights on diagnostic imaging, treatment strategies, and long-term outcomes","author":"Arzi B","year":"2023","unstructured":"Arzi B. Contemporary management of temporomandibular joint fractures in dogs and cats: review and expert insights on diagnostic imaging, treatment strategies, and long-term outcomes. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2023;261(S2):S44\u2013S51. doi:10.2460\/javma.23.04.0211"},{"key":"B2","series-title":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Dogs and Cats","first-page":"368","article-title":"Fractures and luxations involving the temporomandibular joint","author":"Arzi B","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arzi B, Lantz GC. Fractures and luxations involving the temporomandibular joint. In: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Dogs and Cats. Elsevier; 2020:368\u2013376.e1. doi:10.1016\/C2017-0-02876-8"},{"key":"B3","series-title":"Miller\u2019s Anatomy of the Dog","author":"Evans HE","year":"2013","unstructured":"Evans HE. Miller\u2019s Anatomy of the Dog. 4th ed. Elsevier; 2013."},{"issue":"5","key":"B4","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"409","article-title":"Ankylosis and pseudoankylosis of the temporomandibular joint in 10 dogs (1993\u20132015)","author":"Str\u00f8m P","year":"2016","unstructured":"Str\u00f8m P, Arzi B, Cissell D, Verstraete F. Ankylosis and pseudoankylosis of the temporomandibular joint in 10 dogs (1993\u20132015). Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2016;29(5):409\u2013415. doi:10.3415\/VCOT-15-11-0189"},{"issue":"1","key":"B5","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"115","article-title":"Treatment of mandibular condylar process fractures: biological considerations","author":"Ellis E","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ellis E, Throckmorton GS. Treatment of mandibular condylar process fractures: biological considerations. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005;63(1):115\u2013134. doi:10.1016\/j.joms.2004.02.019"},{"issue":"1","key":"B6","series-title":"Cranio","first-page":"74","article-title":"The important role of motion in the rehabilitation of patients with mandibular hypomobility: a review of the literature","author":"Israel HA","year":"1997","unstructured":"Israel HA, Syrop SB. The important role of motion in the rehabilitation of patients with mandibular hypomobility: a review of the literature. Cranio. 1997;15(1):74\u201383. doi:10.1080\/08869634.1997.11745995"},{"key":"B7","series-title":"Front Vet Sci","first-page":"241","article-title":"Craniomaxillofacial trauma in dogs\u2014part I: fracture location, morphology and etiology","author":"De Paolo MH","year":"2020","unstructured":"De Paolo MH, Arzi B, Pollard RE, Kass PH, Verstraete FJM. Craniomaxillofacial trauma in dogs\u2014part I: fracture location, morphology and etiology. Front Vet Sci. 2020;7:241. doi:10.3389\/fvets.2020.00241"},{"key":"B8","series-title":"Front Vet Sci","first-page":"932587","article-title":"Craniomaxillofacial trauma in immature dogs\u2013etiology, treatments, and outcomes","author":"Wolfs E","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wolfs E, Arzi B, Guerrero Cota J, Kass PH, Verstraete FJM. Craniomaxillofacial trauma in immature dogs\u2013etiology, treatments, and outcomes. Front Vet Sci. 2022;9:932587. doi:10.3389\/fvets.2022.932587"},{"key":"B9","series-title":"Front Vet Sci","first-page":"242","article-title":"Craniomaxillofacial trauma in dogs\u2014part II: association between fracture location, morphology and etiology","author":"De Paolo MH","year":"2020","unstructured":"De Paolo MH, Arzi B, Pollard RE, Kass PH, Verstraete FJM. Craniomaxillofacial trauma in dogs\u2014part II: association between fracture location, morphology and etiology. Front Vet Sci. 2020;7:242. doi:10.3389\/fvets.2020.00242"},{"key":"B10","series-title":"J Comp Pathol","first-page":"55","article-title":"The temporomandibular joint of the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) in health and disease","author":"Lin AW","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lin AW, Vapniarsky N, Cissell DD, et al. The temporomandibular joint of the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) in health and disease. J Comp Pathol. 2018;161:55\u201367. doi:10.1016\/j.jcpa.2018.05.001"},{"issue":"3","key":"B11","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"323","article-title":"Comparison of temporomandibular joint function and morphology after surgical and non-surgical treatment in adult condylar head fractures","author":"Ren R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ren R, Dai J, Zhi Y, Xie F, Shi J. Comparison of temporomandibular joint function and morphology after surgical and non-surgical treatment in adult condylar head fractures. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2020;48(3):323\u2013330. doi:10.1016\/j.jcms.2020.01.019"},{"issue":"2","key":"B12","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"158","article-title":"Surgical versus non-surgical treatment of mandibular condylar fractures: a meta-analysis","author":"Chrcanovic BR","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chrcanovic BR. Surgical versus non-surgical treatment of mandibular condylar fractures: a meta-analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015;44(2):158\u2013179. doi:10.1016\/j.ijom.2014.09.024"},{"issue":"6","key":"B13","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"2077","article-title":"Contrast analysis of open reduction and internal fixation and non\u2013surgical treatment of condylar fracture: a meta-analysis","author":"Yao S","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yao S, Zhou J, Li Z. Contrast analysis of open reduction and internal fixation and non\u2013surgical treatment of condylar fracture: a meta-analysis. J Craniofac Surg. 2014;25(6):2077\u20132080. doi:10.1097\/SCS.0000000000001010"},{"key":"B14","series-title":"Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal Expert Consult","author":"Johnston VMDSA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Johnston VMDSA, Tobias DVMMS. Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal Expert Consult. Elsevier; 2017."},{"issue":"10","key":"B15","series-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput","first-page":"2581","article-title":"Biomechanical influence of plate configurations on mandible subcondylar fracture fixation: a finite element study","author":"Gupta A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gupta A, Dutta A, Dutta K, Mukherjee K. Biomechanical influence of plate configurations on mandible subcondylar fracture fixation: a finite element study. Med Biol Eng Comput. 2023;61(10):2581\u20132591. doi:10.1007\/s11517-023-02854-7"},{"issue":"8","key":"B16","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"ajvr.22.03.0043","article-title":"Biomechanical evaluation of locking versus nonlocking 2.0-mm malleable L-miniplate fixation of simulated caudal mandibular fractures in cats","author":"Kot CCS","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kot CCS, Verstraete FJM, Garcia TC, Stover SM, Arzi B. Biomechanical evaluation of locking versus nonlocking 2.0-mm malleable L-miniplate fixation of simulated caudal mandibular fractures in cats. Am J Vet Res. 2022;83(8):ajvr.22.03.0043. doi:10.2460\/ajvr.22.03.0043"},{"issue":"11","key":"B17","series-title":"Anat Rec (Hoboken)","first-page":"2878","article-title":"Functional morphology of the jaw adductor muscles in the Canidae","author":"Penrose F","year":"2020","unstructured":"Penrose F, Cox P, Kemp G, Jeffery N. Functional morphology of the jaw adductor muscles in the Canidae. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2020;303(11):2878\u20132903. doi:10.1002\/ar.24391"},{"issue":"Pt 16","key":"B18","series-title":"J Exp Biol","first-page":"jeb","article-title":"Bite force and its relation to jaw shape in domestic dogs","author":"Brassard C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brassard C, Merlin M, Guintard C, et al. Bite force and its relation to jaw shape in domestic dogs. J Exp Biol. 2020;223(Pt 16):jeb.224352. doi:10.1242\/jeb.224352"},{"key":"B19","series-title":"J Theor Biol","first-page":"34","article-title":"Reconstruction of muscle fascicle architecture from iodine-enhanced microCT images: a combined texture mapping and streamline approach","author":"Kupczik K","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kupczik K, Stark H, Mundry R, Neininger FT, Heidlauf T, R\u00f6hrle O. Reconstruction of muscle fascicle architecture from iodine-enhanced microCT images: a combined texture mapping and streamline approach. J Theor Biol. 2015;382:34\u201343. doi:10.1016\/j.jtbi.2015.06.034"},{"issue":"6","key":"B20","series-title":"J Anat","first-page":"769","article-title":"Calibration of estimated biting forces in domestic canids: comparison of post-mortem and in vivo measurements","author":"Ellis JL","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ellis JL, Thomason JJ, Kebreab E, France J. Calibration of estimated biting forces in domestic canids: comparison of post-mortem and in vivo measurements. J Anat. 2008;212(6):769\u2013780. doi:10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2008.00911.x"},{"issue":"S2","key":"B1","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"S44","article-title":"Contemporary management of temporomandibular joint fractures in dogs and cats: review and expert insights on diagnostic imaging, treatment strategies, and long-term outcomes","author":"Arzi B","year":"2023","unstructured":"Arzi B. Contemporary management of temporomandibular joint fractures in dogs and cats: review and expert insights on diagnostic imaging, treatment strategies, and long-term outcomes. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2023;261(S2):S44\u2013S51. doi:10.2460\/javma.23.04.0211"},{"key":"B2","series-title":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Dogs and Cats","first-page":"368","article-title":"Fractures and luxations involving the temporomandibular joint","author":"Arzi B","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arzi B, Lantz GC. Fractures and luxations involving the temporomandibular joint. In: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Dogs and Cats. Elsevier; 2020:368\u2013376.e1. doi:10.1016\/C2017-0-02876-8"},{"key":"B3","series-title":"Miller\u2019s Anatomy of the Dog","author":"Evans HE","year":"2013","unstructured":"Evans HE. Miller\u2019s Anatomy of the Dog. 4th ed. Elsevier; 2013."},{"issue":"5","key":"B4","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"409","article-title":"Ankylosis and pseudoankylosis of the temporomandibular joint in 10 dogs (1993\u20132015)","author":"Str\u00f8m P","year":"2016","unstructured":"Str\u00f8m P, Arzi B, Cissell D, Verstraete F. Ankylosis and pseudoankylosis of the temporomandibular joint in 10 dogs (1993\u20132015). Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2016;29(5):409\u2013415. doi:10.3415\/VCOT-15-11-0189"},{"issue":"1","key":"B5","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"115","article-title":"Treatment of mandibular condylar process fractures: biological considerations","author":"Ellis E","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ellis E, Throckmorton GS. Treatment of mandibular condylar process fractures: biological considerations. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005;63(1):115\u2013134. doi:10.1016\/j.joms.2004.02.019"},{"issue":"1","key":"B6","series-title":"Cranio","first-page":"74","article-title":"The important role of motion in the rehabilitation of patients with mandibular hypomobility: a review of the literature","author":"Israel HA","year":"1997","unstructured":"Israel HA, Syrop SB. The important role of motion in the rehabilitation of patients with mandibular hypomobility: a review of the literature. Cranio. 1997;15(1):74\u201383. doi:10.1080\/08869634.1997.11745995"},{"key":"B7","series-title":"Front Vet Sci","first-page":"241","article-title":"Craniomaxillofacial trauma in dogs\u2014part I: fracture location, morphology and etiology","author":"De Paolo MH","year":"2020","unstructured":"De Paolo MH, Arzi B, Pollard RE, Kass PH, Verstraete FJM. Craniomaxillofacial trauma in dogs\u2014part I: fracture location, morphology and etiology. Front Vet Sci. 2020;7:241. doi:10.3389\/fvets.2020.00241"},{"key":"B8","series-title":"Front Vet Sci","first-page":"932587","article-title":"Craniomaxillofacial trauma in immature dogs\u2013etiology, treatments, and outcomes","author":"Wolfs E","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wolfs E, Arzi B, Guerrero Cota J, Kass PH, Verstraete FJM. Craniomaxillofacial trauma in immature dogs\u2013etiology, treatments, and outcomes. Front Vet Sci. 2022;9:932587. doi:10.3389\/fvets.2022.932587"},{"key":"B9","series-title":"Front Vet Sci","first-page":"242","article-title":"Craniomaxillofacial trauma in dogs\u2014part II: association between fracture location, morphology and etiology","author":"De Paolo MH","year":"2020","unstructured":"De Paolo MH, Arzi B, Pollard RE, Kass PH, Verstraete FJM. Craniomaxillofacial trauma in dogs\u2014part II: association between fracture location, morphology and etiology. Front Vet Sci. 2020;7:242. doi:10.3389\/fvets.2020.00242"},{"key":"B10","series-title":"J Comp Pathol","first-page":"55","article-title":"The temporomandibular joint of the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) in health and disease","author":"Lin AW","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lin AW, Vapniarsky N, Cissell DD, et al. The temporomandibular joint of the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) in health and disease. J Comp Pathol. 2018;161:55\u201367. doi:10.1016\/j.jcpa.2018.05.001"},{"issue":"3","key":"B11","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"323","article-title":"Comparison of temporomandibular joint function and morphology after surgical and non-surgical treatment in adult condylar head fractures","author":"Ren R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ren R, Dai J, Zhi Y, Xie F, Shi J. Comparison of temporomandibular joint function and morphology after surgical and non-surgical treatment in adult condylar head fractures. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2020;48(3):323\u2013330. doi:10.1016\/j.jcms.2020.01.019"},{"issue":"2","key":"B12","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"158","article-title":"Surgical versus non-surgical treatment of mandibular condylar fractures: a meta-analysis","author":"Chrcanovic BR","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chrcanovic BR. Surgical versus non-surgical treatment of mandibular condylar fractures: a meta-analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015;44(2):158\u2013179. doi:10.1016\/j.ijom.2014.09.024"},{"issue":"6","key":"B13","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"2077","article-title":"Contrast analysis of open reduction and internal fixation and non\u2013surgical treatment of condylar fracture: a meta-analysis","author":"Yao S","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yao S, Zhou J, Li Z. Contrast analysis of open reduction and internal fixation and non\u2013surgical treatment of condylar fracture: a meta-analysis. J Craniofac Surg. 2014;25(6):2077\u20132080. doi:10.1097\/SCS.0000000000001010"},{"key":"B14","series-title":"Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal Expert Consult","author":"Johnston VMDSA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Johnston VMDSA, Tobias DVMMS. Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal Expert Consult. Elsevier; 2017."},{"issue":"10","key":"B15","series-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput","first-page":"2581","article-title":"Biomechanical influence of plate configurations on mandible subcondylar fracture fixation: a finite element study","author":"Gupta A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gupta A, Dutta A, Dutta K, Mukherjee K. Biomechanical influence of plate configurations on mandible subcondylar fracture fixation: a finite element study. Med Biol Eng Comput. 2023;61(10):2581\u20132591. doi:10.1007\/s11517-023-02854-7"},{"issue":"8","key":"B16","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"ajvr.22.03.0043","article-title":"Biomechanical evaluation of locking versus nonlocking 2.0-mm malleable L-miniplate fixation of simulated caudal mandibular fractures in cats","author":"Kot CCS","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kot CCS, Verstraete FJM, Garcia TC, Stover SM, Arzi B. Biomechanical evaluation of locking versus nonlocking 2.0-mm malleable L-miniplate fixation of simulated caudal mandibular fractures in cats. Am J Vet Res. 2022;83(8):ajvr.22.03.0043. doi:10.2460\/ajvr.22.03.0043"},{"issue":"11","key":"B17","series-title":"Anat Rec (Hoboken)","first-page":"2878","article-title":"Functional morphology of the jaw adductor muscles in the Canidae","author":"Penrose F","year":"2020","unstructured":"Penrose F, Cox P, Kemp G, Jeffery N. Functional morphology of the jaw adductor muscles in the Canidae. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2020;303(11):2878\u20132903. doi:10.1002\/ar.24391"},{"issue":"Pt 16","key":"B18","series-title":"J Exp Biol","first-page":"jeb","article-title":"Bite force and its relation to jaw shape in domestic dogs","author":"Brassard C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brassard C, Merlin M, Guintard C, et al. Bite force and its relation to jaw shape in domestic dogs. J Exp Biol. 2020;223(Pt 16):jeb.224352. doi:10.1242\/jeb.224352"},{"key":"B19","series-title":"J Theor Biol","first-page":"34","article-title":"Reconstruction of muscle fascicle architecture from iodine-enhanced microCT images: a combined texture mapping and streamline approach","author":"Kupczik K","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kupczik K, Stark H, Mundry R, Neininger FT, Heidlauf T, R\u00f6hrle O. Reconstruction of muscle fascicle architecture from iodine-enhanced microCT images: a combined texture mapping and streamline approach. J Theor Biol. 2015;382:34\u201343. doi:10.1016\/j.jtbi.2015.06.034"},{"issue":"6","key":"B20","series-title":"J Anat","first-page":"769","article-title":"Calibration of estimated biting forces in domestic canids: comparison of post-mortem and in vivo measurements","author":"Ellis JL","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ellis JL, Thomason JJ, Kebreab E, France J. Calibration of estimated biting forces in domestic canids: comparison of post-mortem and in vivo measurements. J Anat. 2008;212(6):769\u2013780. doi:10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2008.00911.x"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/87\/3\/ajvr.25.10.0365.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/87\/3\/ajvr.25.10.0365.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/87\/3\/ajvr.25.10.0365.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T13:40:51Z","timestamp":1772458851000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/87\/3\/ajvr.25.10.0365.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.25.10.0365","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645","1943-5681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9645","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-5681","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]}}}