{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T14:15:12Z","timestamp":1777904112331,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether low-level laser therapy (LLLT), alone or with chlorhexidine (CLX; CLX + LLLT), improves clinical indices of gingival inflammation, gingival temperature, and systemic cytokines compared with CLX alone in cats with early-stage periodontal disease (American Veterinary Dental College stage 1 to 2).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cats diagnosed with American Veterinary Dental College stage 1 to 2 periodontal disease were randomized to 3 groups (CLX, LLLT, and CLX + LLLT; n = 7\/group) after full-mouth scaling. Treatments were CLX spray, intraoral 905-nm gallium arsenide LLLT, or both for 7 days. Primary outcomes included probing pocket depth, gingival index, plaque index, and gingival surface temperature. Plasma tumor necrosis factor\u2013\u03b1, interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2, and IL-6 were secondary outcomes. Thermography and blood sampling were also performed on days 0 and 8.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mean probing pocket depth decreased by 0.27 mm in CLX, 1.24 mm in LLLT, and 1.20 mm in CLX + LLLT. Gingival index and plaque index declined in all groups, with larger reductions in LLLT-treated cats. Gingival temperature decreased in LLLT (\u20133.1\u2009\u00b0C) and CLX + LLLT (\u20134.3\u2009\u00b0C). Tumor necrosis factor\u2013\u03b1 decreased in CLX + LLLT (\u20137.4 ng\/L). Interleukin-6 decreased only in CLX + LLLT, and IL-1\u03b2 changes were negligible.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LLLT, particularly with CLX, produced greater improvements in gingival inflammatory indices, gingival temperature, and inflammatory markers than CLX alone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LLLT appears to be a safe and effective adjunct for the short-term management of gingival inflammation in cats with early-stage periodontal disease following professional dental cleaning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.25.10.0385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T14:33:51Z","timestamp":1769524431000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adjunctive low-level laser therapy improves gingival inflammatory clinical indices, thermographic findings, and systemic cytokines in cats with American Veterinary Dental College stage 1 to 2 periodontal disease"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Ferda","family":"Turgut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5890-8271","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Latif Emrah","family":"Yanmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammed Yasir","family":"Ates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"B1","series-title":"J Vet Dent","first-page":"147","article-title":"Periodontal health status in a colony of 109 cats","author":"Girard N","year":"2009","unstructured":"Girard N, Servet E, Biourge V, Hennet P. 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