{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T16:03:01Z","timestamp":1785513781688,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare previously described radiographic measurements to identify dogs in stage B2, cutoff values, propose a new measurement and evaluate their ability to predict survival in dogs with mitral valve disease (MVD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This observational, retrospective, and prospective study included dogs without heart disease (control) or diagnosed with MVD by Doppler echocardiography. Radiographic measurements included left atrial width (LAwidth), radiographic left atrial dimension (RLAD), vertebral left atrial size (VLAS), modified VLAS (M-VLAS), vertebral left atrial ventral (VLAV), and vertebral heart score (VHS). All dogs underwent complete echocardiographic and radiographic examinations. Dogs with hemivertebrae, cardiac or pulmonary neoplasia, or poor-quality examinations were excluded. Examinations performed between November 2017 and April 2024 were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Examinations were evaluated in 191 dogs. VLAS, M-VLAS, LAwidth, and RLAD differed between stages B1, B2, and C\/D. VLAV differed between control and stage B1 from stages B2 and C\/D. VLAV accurately identified dogs with stage B2 MVD, showing good diagnostic performance (AUC, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.76\u20130.88), and was similar to the other measurements. Cutoff values for identifying left cardiomegaly were defined for all measures (VLAS &gt; 2.48; M-VLAS &gt; 3.4; LAwidth &gt; 2.11; RLAD &gt; 2.7; VLAV &gt; 2.99). Repeatability and reproducibility were good to excellent.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>VLAS and M-VLAS reliably identified increased LA\/Ao ratio and suspected stage B2 MVD. Higher values of VLAS, M-VLAS, LAwidth, and VLAV were associated with shorter survival, with VLAV \u2265 3.0 indicating an unfavorable outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These measures may be considered to screen which patients will undergo echocardiography and to assist in predicting survival time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.25.11.0388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T12:34:27Z","timestamp":1778157267000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vertebral left atrial ventral: a new prognostic marker in dogs with mitral valve disease"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2858-0310","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tamyris","family":"Beluque","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0591-7649","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mariangela","family":"Endrighi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7685-2942","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stephany Buba","family":"Lucina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4285-4536","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4269-8932","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jaislane Bastos","family":"Braz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evandro","family":"Zacch\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4254-5071","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Leonardo Bianchi","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7802-2598","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tilde Rodrigues","family":"Froes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1367-9828","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marlos Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"B1","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"120","article-title":"Survival characteristics and prognostic variables of dogs with mitral regurgitation attributable to myxomatous valve disease","author":"Borgarelli M","year":"2008","unstructured":"Borgarelli M, Savarino P, Crosara S, et al. Survival characteristics and prognostic variables of dogs with mitral regurgitation attributable to myxomatous valve disease. J Vet Intern Med. 2008;22(1):120\u2013128. doi:10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.0008.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"B2","series-title":"J Vet Cardiol","first-page":"93","article-title":"Historical review, epidemiology and natural history of degenerative mitral valve disease","author":"Borgarelli M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Borgarelli M, Buchanan JW. Historical review, epidemiology and natural history of degenerative mitral valve disease. J Vet Cardiol. 2012;14(1):93\u2013101. doi:10.1016\/j.jvc.2012.01.011"},{"issue":"3","key":"B3","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1127","article-title":"ACVIM consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs","author":"Keene BW","year":"2019","unstructured":"Keene BW, Atkins CE, Bonagura JD, et al. ACVIM consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2019;33(3):1127\u20131140. doi:10.1111\/jvim.15488"},{"issue":"6","key":"B4","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1765","article-title":"Effect of pimobendan in dogs with preclinical myxomatous mitral valve disease and cardiomegaly: the EPIC study-a randomized clinical trial","author":"Boswood A","year":"2016","unstructured":"Boswood A, Haggstrom J, Gordon SG, et al. Effect of pimobendan in dogs with preclinical myxomatous mitral valve disease and cardiomegaly: the EPIC study-a randomized clinical trial. J Vet Intern Med. 2016;30(6):1765\u20131779. doi:10.1111\/jvim.14586"},{"issue":"2","key":"B5","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"194","article-title":"Vertebral scale system to measure canine heart size in radiographs","author":"Buchanan JW","year":"1995","unstructured":"Buchanan JW, B\u00fccheler JW. Vertebral scale system to measure canine heart size in radiographs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1995;206(2):194\u2013199. doi:10.2460\/javma.1995.206.02.194"},{"issue":"4","key":"B6","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"210","article-title":"Rate of change of heart size before congestive heart failure in dogs with mitral regurgitation","author":"Lord P","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lord P, Hansson K, Kvart C, Haggstrom J. Rate of change of heart size before congestive heart failure in dogs with mitral regurgitation. J Small Anim Pract. 2010;51(4):210\u2013218. doi:10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2010.00910.x"},{"issue":"6","key":"B7","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1312","article-title":"Radiographic heart size and its rate of increase as tests for onset of congestive heart failure in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with mitral valve regurgitation","author":"Lord PF","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lord PF, Hansson K, Carnabuci C, Kvart C, Haggstrom J. Radiographic heart size and its rate of increase as tests for onset of congestive heart failure in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with mitral valve regurgitation. J Vet Intern Med. 2011;25(6):1312\u20131319. doi:10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.00792.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"B8","series-title":"Braz J Vet Res Anim Sci","first-page":"261","article-title":"Radiographic evaluation of the cardiac silhouette in clinically normal poodles through the vertebral heart size (VHS) method","author":"Pinto ACBCF","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pinto ACBCF, Iwasaki M. Radiographic evaluation of the cardiac silhouette in clinically normal poodles through the vertebral heart size (VHS) method. Braz J Vet Res Anim Sci. 2004;41(4):261\u2013267. doi:10.1590\/S1413-95962004000400007"},{"issue":"5","key":"B9","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"240","article-title":"Vertebral heart scale in the Beagle dog","author":"Kraetschmer S","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kraetschmer S, Ludwig K, Meneses F, Nolte I, Simon D. Vertebral heart scale in the Beagle dog. J Small Anim Pract. 2008;49(5):240\u2013243. doi:10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2007.00531.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"B10","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","first-page":"3","article-title":"Vertebral heart scores in eight dog breeds","author":"Jepsen-Grant K","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jepsen-Grant K, Pollard RE, Johnson LR. Vertebral heart scores in eight dog breeds. 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Animals. 2023;13(24):3835. doi:10.3390\/ani13243835"},{"issue":"2","key":"B23","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","first-page":"156","article-title":"Breed-specific vertebral heart score, vertebral left atrial size, and radiographic left atrial dimension in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels: reference interval study","author":"Bagardi M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bagardi M, Locatelli C, Manfredi M, et al. Breed-specific vertebral heart score, vertebral left atrial size, and radiographic left atrial dimension in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels: reference interval study. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2022;63(2):156\u2013163. doi:10.1111\/vru.13036"},{"issue":"2","key":"B24","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","first-page":"161","article-title":"Interobserver variability of radiographic methods for the evaluation of left atrial size in dogs","author":"Bagardi M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bagardi M, Manfredi M, Zani DD, Brambilla PG, Locatelli C. 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Animals. 2022;12(19):2531. doi:10.3390\/ani12192531"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/87\/8\/ajvr.25.11.0388.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/87\/8\/ajvr.25.11.0388.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/87\/8\/ajvr.25.11.0388.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T15:25:05Z","timestamp":1785511505000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/87\/8\/ajvr.25.11.0388.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.25.11.0388","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645","1943-5681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9645","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-5681","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]}}}