{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T13:14:58Z","timestamp":1788268498914,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Experiment 1 assessed the stability of C-reactive protein (CRP) when stored at \u221280\u2009\u00b0C and compared the results of 3 commercially available CRP assays. For experiment 2, 2 assays were used to assess CRP during infection and treatment of experimental hemoparasite and H3N2 influenza infections. We predicted CRP would degrade with prolonged storage and that it would trend with clinical markers of disease and inflammation in the experimentally infected dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Archived serum from dogs with inflammation caused by experimentally induced hypovolemia was assayed using the Abcam canine CRP ELISA, stored for 14 weeks at \u221280\u2009\u00b0C, and reanalyzed via ELISA and 2 other CRP assays (Randox and Gentian). Archived sera from dogs experimentally infected with\n                      <jats:italic>Babesia gibsoni<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Candidatus Mycoplasma hematoparvum<\/jats:italic>\n                      or H3N2 were evaluated using the ELISA and Gentian assays to assess changes in CRP concentration during clinical progression and resolution of these diseases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>C-reactive protein values increased by an average of 3.58 mg\/L after storage for 14 weeks. Results from the 3 assays were not analytically equivalent. C-reactive protein values trended inversely with platelet count and Hct in 4 dogs with hemoparasites and were significantly lower in 4 dogs vaccinated with H3N2 compared to 4 nonvaccinated dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>When monitoring clinical cases, the CRP assay used should be consistent, as a decreased result following freeze-thaw does not occur when stored at \u221280\u2009\u00b0C, and dogs with clinical signs of H3N2 infection have increases in CRP concentrations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides evidence that CRP can be used to monitor some infectious diseases that induce inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.25.11.0405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T14:52:48Z","timestamp":1781621568000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Studies of C-reactive protein stability with freezing and its usefulness in selected diseases in dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0693-6875","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amanda","family":"Garrick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Companion Animal Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4904-8788","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"A Russell","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nida","family":"Chornarm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Companion Animal Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Hawley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Companion Animal Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Dixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Lappin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Companion Animal Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"B1","series-title":"J Lab Clin Med","first-page":"698","article-title":"Further observations on the properties of dog C-reactive protein and the C-reactive protein response in the dog","volume":"80","author":"Riley RF","year":"1972","unstructured":"Riley RF, Zontine W. Further observations on the properties of dog C-reactive protein and the C-reactive protein response in the dog. J Lab Clin Med. 1972;80(5):698\u2013703."},{"issue":"2","key":"B2","series-title":"Ann Biol Clin (Paris)","first-page":"225","article-title":"Immunoanalytical characteristics of C-reactive protein and high sensitivity C-reactive protein","volume":"75","author":"Moutachakkir M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Moutachakkir M, Lamrani Hanchi A, Baraou A, Boukhira A, Chellak S. Immunoanalytical characteristics of C-reactive protein and high sensitivity C-reactive protein. Ann Biol Clin (Paris). 2017;75(2):225\u2013229. doi:10.1684\/abc.2017.1232"},{"key":"B3","series-title":"Front Immunol","first-page":"1466865","article-title":"An evolutionarily conserved function of C-reactive protein is to prevent the formation of amyloid fibrils","author":"Agrawal A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Agrawal A, Pathak A, Ngwa DN, Thirumalai A, Armstrong PB, Singh SK. An evolutionarily conserved function of C-reactive protein is to prevent the formation of amyloid fibrils. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1466865. doi:10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1466865"},{"issue":"4","key":"B4","series-title":"Diseases","first-page":"132","article-title":"C-reactive protein: pathophysiology, diagnosis, false test results and a novel diagnostic algorithm for clinicians","volume":"11","author":"Mouliou DS","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mouliou DS. C-reactive protein: pathophysiology, diagnosis, false test results and a novel diagnostic algorithm for clinicians. Diseases. 2023;11(4):132. doi:10.3390\/diseases11040132"},{"issue":"20","key":"B5","series-title":"Animals (Basel)","first-page":"2888","article-title":"C-reactive protein as a diagnostic marker in dogs: a review","volume":"12","author":"Malin K","year":"2022","unstructured":"Malin K, Witkowska-Pi\u0142aszewicz O. C-reactive protein as a diagnostic marker in dogs: a review. 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Validation of a commercially available automated canine-specific immunoturbidimetric method for measuring canine C-reactive protein. Vet Clin Pathol. 2014;43(2):235\u2013243. doi:10.1111\/vcp.12150"},{"issue":"1","key":"B8","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"124","article-title":"The utility of acute-phase proteins in the assessment of treatment response in dogs with bacterial pneumonia","volume":"31","author":"Viitanen SJ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Viitanen SJ, Lappalainen AK, Christensen MB, Sankari S, Rajam\u00e4ki MM. The utility of acute-phase proteins in the assessment of treatment response in dogs with bacterial pneumonia. 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