{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T13:11:40Z","timestamp":1780060300301,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To biomechanically evaluate the efficacy of the lateral tripod 3-pin (3LTP) technique as an alternative to crosspinning (XP) for Kirschner wire internal fixation of distal femoral physeal fractures in small-breed canines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For this experimental biomechanical study (from February through October 2025), 30 polycarbonate 3-D\u2013printed bone models simulating a Salter-Harris type I (SH-I) fracture were allocated equally (n = 10\/group) to 3 fixation groups: the XP group, lateral double-pinning (2LP) group, and 3LTP group, all stabilized with 1.0-mm Kirschner wires. The maximum failure load (Newtons) was recorded as the primary outcome following an axial loading compression test on a universal testing machine until implant failure. Data were statistically analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 30 models were included in the final analysis (n = 10\/group). The mean maximum failure loads were determined to be 385.60 N (95% CI, 367.5 to 403.7) for XP, 330.70 N (95% CI, 311.4 to 350.0) for 2LP, and 445.10 N (95% CI, 412.4 to 477.8) for 3LTP. The failure mode for all groups was implant bending.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 3LTP demonstrated superior biomechanical resistance to axial compression compared to XP and 2LP for canine distal femoral SH-I fractures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The utilization of the 3LTP technique offers a biomechanically superior and minimally invasive fixation alternative to XP for repairing canine distal femoral SH-I fractures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.25.11.0411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T13:02:44Z","timestamp":1773925364000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lateral tripod 3-pinning provides an effective unilateral approach for stabilizing canine distal femoral physeal fractures"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5984-4381","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sangyul","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4145-7384","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jun-Sik","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6673-0615","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sorin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7736-7956","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jeong-Woon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7128-5886","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sang-Kun","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songju","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6237-9958","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hwi-Yool","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6425-7716","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jung-Moon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal Expert Consult","year":"2018","unstructured":"Johnson SK, Tobias KM, eds. 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