{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T18:58:05Z","timestamp":1790449085517,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p content-type=\"noindent\">To compare the immunomodulatory capacities of canine placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs; MSCs) and adipose-derived MSCs (ADMSCs) as well as the effects of their extracellular vesicles (EVs) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p content-type=\"noindent\">\n                      PMSCs and ADMSCs were isolated and characterized. The PBMCs were cocultured with each isolated MSC. PBMC viability was assessed by trypan blue, and CD4 expression and PBMC proliferation were analyzed by flow cytometry. Inflammatory cytokines in the supernatants were measured using an ELISA. In addition, each type of MSC-derived EV was extracted and incubated with PBMCs. Subsequently, the same analyses used in the MSC experiments were performed. Statistical analyses used SPSS 26 with the significance set at\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p content-type=\"noindent\">In MSC experiments, PMSC group exhibited the highest CD4 expression, and PBMC proliferation was also lowest in PMSC group. PBMC viability was significantly lower in PMSC group. A comparison of the inflammatory cytokine concentrations showed similar IL-2 and IL-10 levels in the groups, whereas TNF-\u03b1 was significantly lower in PMSC group. In EV experiments, the PMSC EV had a greater ability to inhibit PBMC proliferation than the ADMSC EV, whereas CD4 expression showed no difference. PBMC viability and TNF-\u03b1 concentration were lowest in PMSC EV group, whereas IL-2 concentration was lowest in ADMSC EV group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p content-type=\"noindent\">PMSCs and their EVs have comparable immunomodulatory effects to ADMSCs, with some statistically significant differences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p content-type=\"noindent\">PMSC-derived EVs may represent a potential therapeutic option for immune-mediated conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.25.12.0426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T15:30:53Z","timestamp":1771342253000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparative analysis of the immunomodulatory effects of extracellular vesicles from canine placental and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Jeong-Ho","family":"Ha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Ok","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung-Hoon","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Institute of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sae Hoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital #2113, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Young","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"B1","series-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther.","first-page":"304","article-title":"Placenta-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells: a promising potential cell-based therapy for canine inflammatory brain disease","volume":"11","author":"Amorim RM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amorim RM, Clark KC, Walker NJ, et al. 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