{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T13:12:27Z","timestamp":1780060347386,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p content-type=\"noindent\">To evaluate the association between pyuria and clinical outcomes in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p content-type=\"noindent\">Data were collected from 2010 through 2025. Pyuria was defined as \u2265 5 WBCs\/hpf in urine sediment. Dogs were stratified according to pyuria frequency (0, 1 to 2, or \u2265 3 episodes) and tumor size (&lt; 3 or \u2265 3 cm). Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank tests, and Cox proportional hazards models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p content-type=\"noindent\">51 dogs diagnosed with bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC) were included. When stratified by pyuria frequency, dogs with \u2265 3 episodes had a significantly shorter median PFS than dogs without pyuria (175 vs 365 days), whereas dogs with 1 to 2 episodes did not differ significantly from the nonpyuria group. In the multivariable analysis, \u2265 3 pyuria episodes remained a negative prognostic factor for PFS (hazard ratio, 3.57; 95% CI, 1.27 to 10.04) even after accounting for the total number of urinalyses performed. Dogs with pyuria at initial diagnosis had a shorter median overall survival than the nonpyuria group (353 vs 531 days).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p content-type=\"noindent\">Dogs with pyuria at initial diagnosis and frequent pyuria (\u2265 3 episodes) during the entire treatment period had shorter PFS than dogs without pyuria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p content-type=\"noindent\">This finding parallels observations in human medicine and suggests that pyuria may serve as a clinically useful marker of tumor progression in canine UC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.25.12.0438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T18:38:37Z","timestamp":1771439917000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Recurrent pyuria is associated with shorter progression-free survival in dogs with bladder urothelial carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4311-1789","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sung-Ho","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3618-2884","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jin-Kyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haemaru Referral Animal Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2616-6610","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Se-Hoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5614-9846","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Min-Ok","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1561-3278","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kyoung-Won","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"B1","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med.","first-page":"136","article-title":"Canine transitional cell carcinoma","volume":"17","author":"Mutsaers AJ","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mutsaers AJ, Widmer WR, Knapp DW. 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