{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T16:03:48Z","timestamp":1785513828430,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the proportion of lesions identified on cervical MRI in dogs based on weight.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medical records from a tertiary referral hospital were reviewed for dogs that underwent cervical MRI to investigate clinical signs consistent with cervical disease from August 30, 2019, through August 30, 2024. Dogs were grouped according to their weight (&lt; 15 or \u2265 15 kg). Case details, including the patients\u2019 weight, breed, age, sex and neuter status, presenting clinical signs, and MRI findings, were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were 270 dogs included in the study. In dogs weighing &lt; 15 kg, the proportion of intervertebral disk disease (IVDD) was 145 of 175 (82.9%) compared to 58 of 95 (61.1%) in dogs weighing \u2265 15 kg, and the odds of having IVDD were 68% less for dogs weighing \u2265 15 kg (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.57). There was no significant association between IVDD and weight in chondrodystrophic dogs. The odds of having neoplasia were 4.5 times higher for dogs weighing \u2265 15 kg (OR, 5.3; 95% CI, 2.1 to 15). The odds of cervical spondylomyelopathy increased with weight (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.16). The weights of dogs with atlantoaxial instability (AAI; median, 5.2; IQR, 2.8 to 6.9) were significantly less than dogs without AAI (median, 11.0; IQR, 6.4 to 25.5). The odds of congenital abnormalities were 97% higher for dogs weighing &lt; 15 kg compared to dogs weighing \u2265 15 kg (OR, 0.03; 95% CI, &lt; 0.001 to 0.24).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dogs weighing &lt; 15 kg had significantly higher proportions of IVDD, AAI, and congenital abnormalities compared to dogs weighing \u2265 15 kg. Dogs weighing \u2265 15 kg had significantly higher proportions of neoplasia and cervical spondylomyelopathy compared to dogs weighing &lt; 15 kg.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This knowledge can improve the initial consultation discussion with clients that are considering advanced imaging for dogs with cervical disease and subsequent diagnostics and treatments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.25.12.0450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T18:21:12Z","timestamp":1778178072000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Magnetic resonance imaging of dogs with cervical disease revealed a higher proportion of intervertebral disk disease in small dogs and neoplasia in large dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Katherine","family":"Darrah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Surgery, BluePearl Pet Hospital Stone Oak, San Antonio, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Spence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Surgery, BluePearl Pet Hospital Stone Oak, San Antonio, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"B1","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","first-page":"S72","article-title":"Optimal magnetic resonance imaging of the spine","author":"Dennis R","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dennis R. Optimal magnetic resonance imaging of the spine. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2011;52(suppl 1):S72\u2013S80. doi:10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2010.01787.x"},{"issue":"6","key":"B2","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","first-page":"523","article-title":"Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and myelography in 18 Doberman Pinscher dogs with cervical spondylomyelopathy","author":"Da Costa RC","year":"2006","unstructured":"Da Costa RC, Parent J, Dobson H, Holmberg D, Partlow G. Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and myelography in 18 Doberman Pinscher dogs with cervical spondylomyelopathy. 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Aust Vet J. 2024;102(5):274\u2013281. doi:10.1111\/avj.13320"},{"issue":"9","key":"B4","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1601","article-title":"Morphologic and morphometric magnetic resonance imaging features of Doberman Pinschers with and without clinical signs of cervical spondylomyelopathy","author":"Da Costa RC","year":"2006","unstructured":"Da Costa RC, Parent JM, Partlow G, Dobson H, Holmberg DL, LaMarre J. Morphologic and morphometric magnetic resonance imaging features of Doberman Pinschers with and without clinical signs of cervical spondylomyelopathy. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2006;67(9):1601\u20131612. doi:10.2460\/ajvr.67.9.1601"},{"issue":"11","key":"B5","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1222","article-title":"Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging findings in relation to body weight in dogs with thoracolumbar disease","author":"Spence SP","year":"2021","unstructured":"Spence SP, Israel SK. 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Outcome comparison in dogs with a presumptive diagnosis of thoracolumbar fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy and acute non-compressive nucleus pulposus extrusion. Vet Rec. 2017;181(11):293\u2013304. doi:10.1136\/vr.104090"},{"issue":"25","key":"B16","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"650","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of canine fibrocartilaginous myelopathy (FCE): a systematic review of 393 cases (1973-2013)","author":"Bartholomew KA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bartholomew KA, Stover KE, Olby NJ, Moore SA. Clinical characteristics of canine fibrocartilaginous myelopathy (FCE): a systematic review of 393 cases (1973-2013). Vet Rec. 2016;179(25):650. doi:10.1136\/vr.103863"},{"issue":"6","key":"B17","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1771","article-title":"Syringomyelia and craniocervical junction abnormalities in Chihuahuas","author":"Kiviranta AM","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kiviranta AM, Rusbridge C, Laitinen-Vapaavuori O, et al. 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