{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T16:03:05Z","timestamp":1785513785619,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To estimate the prevalence of 17 clinically relevant thoracic radiographic findings in dogs and quantify interobserver variability among veterinary radiologists, with the hypothesis that findings would vary widely in prevalence while maintaining high interobserver agreement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>4,000 lateral thoracic radiographic examinations created between May and December 2023 were randomly selected from IDEXX Telemedicine Consultants\u2019 electronic medical records. After exclusion, 2,761 examinations were ultimately evaluated for 17 preselected conditions by 5 board-certified veterinary radiologists, subsequently reduced to 3 to expedite the study. Prevalence for each condition was estimated using a latent class expectation-maximization approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      2,761 studies were ultimately evaluated for 17 conditions by a total of 12 radiologists (1,367 studies evaluated in triplicate, and 1,394 studies evaluated in quintuplicate); the most prevalent conditions were abnormal pulmonary pattern (60.9%) and redundant tracheal membrane (29.4%). The least prevalent were heart base mass (0.5%) and esophageal foreign body (0.3%). Interobserver agreement was generally high for radiographically distinct conditions, such as esophageal foreign body, heart base mass, and pneumothorax, as each achieved an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of 1.00, with a modest decrease for subjective or morphologically ambiguous conditions, such as suspected tracheal chondromalacia (0.76) and cranial mediastinal widening as a breed variant\/fat deposition (0.78).\n                      <jats:underline\/>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thoracic radiographic findings in dogs vary substantially in prevalence, with pulmonary abnormalities being the most common. Interobserver agreement is condition dependent, with the greatest variability among subjectively assessed findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prevalence estimates and agreement profiles provide a framework for clinical benchmarking and highlight categories where standardized criteria may improve consistency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.26.01.0018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T13:17:07Z","timestamp":1778851027000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Study identifies prevalence estimates of clinically relevant canine thoracic radiographic findings and insights into interobserver variability"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Baumruck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, ME"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Tagudar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, ME"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Doyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, ME"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavan","family":"Durgempudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, ME"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian N.","family":"Cortner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, ME"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Schestopol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, ME"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann-Kathrin","family":"Hossl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, ME"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassaundra","family":"Coulter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, ME"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey D.","family":"Ruth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, ME"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesse","family":"Nagy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, ME"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constance E.","family":"De Haan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, ME"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Fields","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, ME"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Uerling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, ME"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8210-8207","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mason","family":"Savage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, ME"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8096-7366","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Donald","family":"Szlosek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, ME"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"B1","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","first-page":"e13471","article-title":"American College of Veterinary Radiology and European College of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging consensus statement on imaging report foundations","author":"Scrivani PV","year":"2025","unstructured":"Scrivani PV, Watson E, Joostens Z, Yanchik A, Specchi S, Skogmo HK. 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