{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T13:14:59Z","timestamp":1788268499452,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe a nonsurgical treatment for superficial corneal epithelial inclusion cysts (CEICs) in dogs and to characterize their clinical and diagnostic features using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>4 client-owned dogs with superficial CEICs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Complete ophthalmic examinations and diagnostic imaging using UBM and\/or OCT were performed on smooth, fluctuant, painless masses protruding from vascularized corneas. For superficial CEICs, needle lancing was performed under topical anesthesia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All dogs had been previously managed for keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Ultrasound biomicroscopy or OCT revealed superficial intrastromal cystic lesions surrounded by hyperechoic or hyper-reflective stroma, consistent with CEICs. All cysts were located within vascularized corneal stroma, with sufficient posterior stromal thickness and intact Descemet membrane beneath the cysts. Among 6 initially identified cysts, 1 ruptured spontaneously following trauma and was no longer detectable at reexamination. One cyst was excised by superficial keratectomy, and histopathologic examination confirmed CEIC; this cyst subsequently recurred. The remaining 4 cysts were intentionally treated by needle lancing using a 26-gauge needle under topical anesthesia. Cytologic examination of the drained material revealed predominantly extracellular matrix and epithelial cells without evidence of infection, supporting the diagnosis of CEIC. Topical anti-inflammatory agents and antibiotics were prescribed after lancing. None of the lanced cysts recurred during a follow-up period of 17 to 62 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Needle lancing may represent a safe, simple, and effective treatment option for superficial vascularized CEICs in dogs. Advanced diagnostic imaging, such as UBM\/OCT, may aid in determining cyst depth and guiding treatment selection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.26.01.0020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T18:08:02Z","timestamp":1780078082000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Superficial corneal epithelial inclusion cysts treated by simple lancing in 4 dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Jisoo","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dajeong","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6645-7116","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kangmoon","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8017-0891","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seonmi","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Slatter\u2019s Fundamentals of Veterinary Ophthalmology","first-page":"213","article-title":"Diseases of the cornea and sclera","author":"Maggs DJ","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maggs DJ. Diseases of the cornea and sclera. In: Maggs DJ, Miller PE, Ofri R, eds. Slatter\u2019s Fundamentals of Veterinary Ophthalmology. 6th ed. WB Saunders Co; 2018:213\u2013253."},{"issue":"2","key":"B2","series-title":"Vet Ophthalmol","first-page":"122","article-title":"Successful treatment of an unusually large corneal epithelial inclusion cyst using equine amniotic membrane in a dog","volume":"13","author":"Choi US","year":"2010","unstructured":"Choi US, Labelle P, Kim S, et al. Successful treatment of an unusually large corneal epithelial inclusion cyst using equine amniotic membrane in a dog. Vet Ophthalmol. 2010;13(2):122\u2013125. doi:10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2010.00765.x"},{"issue":"5","key":"B3","series-title":"Vet Ophthalmol","first-page":"856","article-title":"Corneal epithelial inclusion cysts in 12 dogs (13 eyes) from 2010 to 2019: a multicentric retrospective study","volume":"23","author":"Cassagnes C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cassagnes C, Cognard SA, Nicolier A, et al. 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