{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T21:02:53Z","timestamp":1790888573511,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize systemic immune alterations in feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) through serum protein electrophoresis (SPE), immunoglobulin (Ig), and cytokine profiling. We hypothesized that FCGS cases would exhibit polyclonal hyperglobulinemia, elevated Igs, and proinflammatory cytokine elevations compared to controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cats with FCGS and controls were prospectively enrolled in an observational case-control study at 2 veterinary dental practices. Exclusion criteria included FIV\/FeLV infection, recent vaccination, corticosteroid administration, and systemic disease. A single preanesthetic serum sample was analyzed for 31 biomarkers, including SPE fractions, Ig concentrations, and cytokine levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      13 FCGS cats and 14 controls were enrolled. Six biomarkers differed significantly after false discovery rate (FDR) correction, with very large effect sizes (Hedges\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1.43 to 2.27): globulin, IgG, \u03b3 globulin, total protein, albumin, and albumin-to-globulin ratio. Polyclonal gammopathy was present in 76.9% of FCGS cases. Seven cytokines showed medium to large effect sizes (Hedges\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.57 to 0.88) without surviving FDR correction. Hierarchical clustering separated 85% of cases from 79% of controls based on coordinated cytokine profiles despite modest individual elevations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study confirms FCGS as a disease with a quantifiable, systemic inflammatory response characterized by polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia and mixed T helper 1\/2 cytokine activation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FCGS extends beyond localized oral inflammation to involve measurable systemic immune dysregulation. Hyperglobulinemia, combined with oromucosal inflammation, should prompt diagnostic consideration of FCGS in cats. The coordinated activation of IL-8, IL-4, IFN-\u03b3, and IL-6 identifies potential therapeutic targets for immunomodulatory intervention in refractory cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.26.02.0052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T21:22:29Z","timestamp":1775596949000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Serum protein alterations characterize feline chronic gingivostomatitis: a case-control study of electrophoresis, immunoglobulin, and cytokine profiles"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Emily R.","family":"Tetlow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Dental Specialists of Upstate New York, Fayetteville, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke A.","family":"Wentlent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plug Power, Latham, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7210-0600","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Patrick C.","family":"Carney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9857-2119","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Byron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5003-822X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nadine","family":"Fiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9845-8922","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexandra L.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7943-9238","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emilia","family":"Chrostek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9947-837X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matthew E.","family":"Drozd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cailin E.","family":"Winokur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric M.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Dental Specialists of Upstate New York, Fayetteville, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4167-6272","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Santiago","family":"Peralta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"B1","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"373","article-title":"Prevalence of feline chronic gingivo-stomatitis in first opinion veterinary practice","author":"Healey KA","year":"2007","unstructured":"Healey KA, Dawson S, Burrow R, et al. 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