{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T02:11:40Z","timestamp":1791598300193,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate vertebral heart size (VHS) and vertebral left atrial size (VLAS) reference intervals in 8 dog breeds: Australian Cattle Dogs, Shih Tzus, Maltese, Dachshunds, Greyhounds, French Bulldogs, Norwich Terriers, and Brittany Spaniels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dogs were included if they had 2- or 3-view thoracic radiographs performed and no cardiopulmonary or systemic disease. The same board-certified cardiologist performed the VHS and VLAS measurements in all dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The reference interval for Australian Cattle Dogs was 9.1v to 11.2v for VHS and 1.7v to 2.4v for VLAS. The reference interval for Shih Tzus was 8.4v to 10.5v for VHS and 1.6v to 2.4v for VLAS. The reference interval for Maltese was 8.7v to 10.7v for VHS and 1.7v to 2.5v for VLAS. The reference interval for Dachshunds was 8.8v to 10.7v for VHS and 1.6v to 2.2v for VLAS. The reference interval for Greyhounds was 9.4v to 11.5v for VHS and 1.9v to 2.6v for VLAS. The reference interval for French Bulldogs was 9.9v to 13.0v for VHS and 1.7v to 2.6v for VLAS. The reference interval for Norwich Terriers was 9.6v to 11.7v for VHS and 1.7v to 2.3v for VLAS. The reference interval for Brittany Spaniels was 9.4v to 11.5v for VHS and 1.9v to 2.6v for VLAS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The investigators report breed-specific VHS and VLAS reference intervals for 8 canine breeds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinicians should be aware of these results to accurately diagnose radiographic cardiomegaly in these breeds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.26.02.0061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T16:52:59Z","timestamp":1783702379000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Vertebral heart size and vertebral left atrial size reference intervals in 8 canine breeds"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Allison J.","family":"Rowland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Metropolitan Animal Specialty Hospital, Los Angeles, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte I.","family":"Zepeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Sciences Division, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa A.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Friendship Hospital for Animals, Washington, DC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colleen","family":"Tansey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Metropolitan Animal Specialty Hospital, Los Angeles, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Piscitelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telemedicine Department, IDEXX Laboratories Inc, Westbrook, ME"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Gentile-Solomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telemedicine Department, IDEXX Laboratories Inc, Westbrook, ME"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald","family":"Szlosek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telemedicine Department, IDEXX Laboratories Inc, Westbrook, ME"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reid K.","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telemedicine Department, IDEXX Laboratories Inc, Westbrook, ME"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"B1","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"194","article-title":"Vertebral scale system to measure canine heart size in radiographs","volume":"206","author":"Buchanan JW","year":"1995","unstructured":"Buchanan JW, B\u00fccheler J. 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