{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T18:33:56Z","timestamp":1787855636993,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize differences among body sites in skin morphological features of Beagles that may influence percutaneous drug penetration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This exploratory study was conducted from November 2024 through March 2025 with 6 Beagles. Skin samples were collected from 3 body sites\u2014the dorsum, lateral trunk, and ventral abdomen. Skin samples were collected under sedation with local anesthesia. Epidermal thickness, the number of stratum corneum (SC) layers, and dermal vessel density were evaluated histologically. Follicular ostia density was evaluated using dermoscopic images. Data are presented as mean values with 95% CIs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Epidermal thickness showed only small differences among body sites. The number of SC layers also showed small differences (maximum mean difference, approx 0.3 layers). In contrast, follicular ostia density showed large differences among body sites and was highest in the dorsum, intermediate in the lateral trunk, and lowest in the ventral abdomen. Dermal vessel density showed moderate differences, with higher values in the ventral abdomen than in the dorsum and lateral trunk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In Beagles, epidermal thickness and the number of SC layers are relatively uniform across body sites, whereas follicular ostia density and dermal vessel density show clear differences among body sites.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that skin structural factors other than epidermal thickness and the number of SC layers may influence percutaneous drug penetration; however, this remains a hypothesis and requires further study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.26.02.0078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T14:15:12Z","timestamp":1778508912000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Skin structures associated with percutaneous drug penetration differ by body site in Beagles"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2814-8263","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fusako","family":"Takeo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physiology II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuo","family":"Murayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Services for Dogs and Cats, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junichi","family":"Kamiie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4047-1803","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kensuke","family":"Orito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physiology II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"B1","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1697","article-title":"Investigation of in vitro transdermal absorption of fentanyl from patches placed on skin samples obtained from various anatomic regions of dogs","author":"Mills PC","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mills PC, Magnusson BM, Cross SE. Investigation of in vitro transdermal absorption of fentanyl from patches placed on skin samples obtained from various anatomic regions of dogs. Am J Vet Res. 2004;65(12):1697\u20131700. doi:10.2460\/ajvr.2004.65.1697"},{"issue":"3","key":"B2","series-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev","first-page":"175","article-title":"Potential and problems of developing transdermal patches for veterinary applications","author":"Riviere JE","year":"2001","unstructured":"Riviere JE, Papich MG. Potential and problems of developing transdermal patches for veterinary applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2001;50(3):175\u2013203. doi:10.1016\/S0169-409X(01)00157-0"},{"issue":"3","key":"B3","series-title":"Pharmaceutics","first-page":"33","article-title":"Transdermal permeation of drugs in various animal species","author":"Todo H","year":"2017","unstructured":"Todo H. Transdermal permeation of drugs in various animal species. Pharmaceutics. 2017;9(3):33. doi:10.3390\/pharmaceutics9030033"},{"issue":"6","key":"B4","series-title":"EFSA J","first-page":"e04873","article-title":"Guidance on dermal absorption","author":"Buist H","year":"2017","unstructured":"Buist H, Craig P, Dewhurst I, et al. Guidance on dermal absorption. EFSA J. 2017;15(6):e04873. doi:10.2903\/j.efsa.2017.4873"},{"issue":"10","key":"B5","series-title":"Arch Dermatol Res","first-page":"555","article-title":"Number of cell layers of the stratum corneum in normal skin: relationship to the anatomical location on the body, age, sex and physical parameters","author":"Ya-Xian Z","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ya-Xian Z, Suetake T, Tagami H. Number of cell layers of the stratum corneum in normal skin: relationship to the anatomical location on the body, age, sex and physical parameters. Arch Dermatol Res. 1999;291(10):555\u2013559. doi:10.1007\/s004030050453"},{"issue":"2","key":"B6","series-title":"J Vet Sci","first-page":"163","article-title":"Histologic morphology and involucrin, filaggrin, and keratin expression in normal canine skin from dogs of different breeds and coat types","author":"Theerawatanasirikul S","year":"2012","unstructured":"Theerawatanasirikul S, Suriyaphol G, Thanawongnuwech R, Sailasuta A. Histologic morphology and involucrin, filaggrin, and keratin expression in normal canine skin from dogs of different breeds and coat types. J Vet Sci. 2012;13(2):163\u2013170. doi:10.4142\/jvs.2012.13.2.163"},{"issue":"4","key":"B7","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"448","article-title":"Histomorphometric analysis and regional variations of full-thickness skin grafts in dogs","author":"Bhandal J","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bhandal J, Langohr IM, Degner DA, Xie Y, Stanley BJ, Walshaw R. Histomorphometric analysis and regional variations of full-thickness skin grafts in dogs. Vet Surg. 2012;41(4):448\u2013454. doi:10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2012.00987.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"B8","series-title":"Res Vet Sci","first-page":"99","article-title":"Epidermal structure and surface topography of canine skin","author":"Lloyd DH","year":"1982","unstructured":"Lloyd DH, Garthwaite G. Epidermal structure and surface topography of canine skin. Res Vet Sci. 1982;33(1):99\u2013104. doi:10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)32367-1"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/87\/8\/ajvr.26.02.0078.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/87\/8\/ajvr.26.02.0078.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/87\/8\/ajvr.26.02.0078.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T15:25:23Z","timestamp":1785511523000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/87\/8\/ajvr.26.02.0078.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.26.02.0078","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645","1943-5681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9645","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-5681","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]}}}