{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T16:03:36Z","timestamp":1785513816269,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To generate \u201ccaninized\u201d mice that could be used for investigating canine diseases and testing new therapies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this experimental study, canine hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) were isolated from bone marrow mononuclear cells from donor dogs using immunomagnetic sorting and an anti-canine CD34 antibody. Fresh or overnight-cultured HSCs were administered IV into sublethally irradiated immunodeficient mice (NOD scid \u03b3 strain) 4 to 20 hours after irradiation (median dose, 2.0 X 10\n                      <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                      cells; n = 120) with noninjected irradiated controls (30). Engraftment was assessed by serum canine immunoglobulin M (IgM) measurement and flow cytometric analysis for canine leukocytes and immunohistochemical staining for T and B cells.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      HSCs were enriched after sorting (median CD34\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      cells, 87.6% vs 2.5% in bone marrow mononuclear cells). Canine IgM was measurable in sera of 49% of 94 surviving injected mice 19 to 42 weeks after irradiation (median IgM, 310 ng\/mL; range, 18 to &gt; 8,400 ng\/mL). Higher serum canine IgM concentrations were detected in mice injected with fresh versus overnight-cultured HSCs. Low numbers of canine leukocytes and T and B cells were identified in the spleen and bone marrow with flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NOD scid \u03b3 mice can be engrafted with canine immune cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The creation of \u201ccaninized\u201d mice is feasible, but efficiency of engraftment was low and requires further optimization before these mice can be used to model canine disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.26.03.0098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T16:22:03Z","timestamp":1779812523000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Toward creating \u201ccaninized\u201d mice: reconstitution of canine immune cells in immunodeficient mice"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9697-638X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tracy","family":"Stokol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5255-3756","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elena A.","family":"Demeter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6227-2077","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"James R.","family":"Cockey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0987-9747","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cynthia A.","family":"Leifer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2402-6953","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rishi","family":"Puri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Progressive Assessment of Therapeutics Patient-Derived Xenograft Facility, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4580-7006","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Scott","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Progressive Assessment of Therapeutics Patient-Derived Xenograft Facility, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9857-2119","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael","family":"Byron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1109-5678","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Suzin","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"B1","series-title":"Trends Immunol","first-page":"748","article-title":"Humanized mice for the study of immuno-oncology","author":"De La Rochere P","year":"2018","unstructured":"De La Rochere P, Guil-Luna S, Decaudin D, Azar G, Sidhu SS, Piaggio E. 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