{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:13:55Z","timestamp":1786122835510,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To document changes in acid-base and ion balance during exercise following furosemide administration and to relate them to performance.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n 6 fit Thoroughbred horses received 0.5 mg\/kg IV furosemide (F) or a placebo (C) in randomized crossover order 4 hours before galloping to fatigue on a treadmill at the speed equated with an oxygen demand of 1.15 X maximum oxygen consumption (\n \n o<\/jats:sc>\n 2max<\/jats:sub>\n ). Arterial and mixed venous blood was sampled before treatment, preexercise, after 2-minute warm-up, at fatigue, and 1 minute postexercise. The pH, temperature-corrected P\n co<\/jats:sc>\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , total CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , and sodium, potassium, chloride (Cl), bicarbonate (HCO\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n \u2212<\/jats:sup>\n ), and lactate concentrations were measured, and strong ion difference (SID) was calculated. Run time to fatigue,\n \n o<\/jats:sc>\n 2max<\/jats:sub>\n , and CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n production (\n \n co<\/jats:sc>\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n ) were recorded. Data were analyzed using a linear mixed-effects model, and\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2264 .05 was significant.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Furosemide induced a preexercise hypochloremic alkalosis as concentrations of arterial and venous Cl\n \u2212<\/jats:sup>\n and Cl\n \u2212<\/jats:sup>\n were lower, and pH, SID, HCO\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n \u2212<\/jats:sup>\n concentrations and percent mixed venous total CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n transported as mixed venous HCO\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n \u2212<\/jats:sup>\n were higher for all measurements from pre- to postexercise. The mixed venous P\n co<\/jats:sc>\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n was lower at fatigue and postexercise following F when compared to C. Sodium, potassium, and lactate concentrations increased with exercise, but F and C values were not different. The\n \n o<\/jats:sc>\n 2max<\/jats:sub>\n (F, 73 \u00b1 13 L\/min; C, 70 \u00b1 12 L\/min) and peak\n \n co<\/jats:sc>\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n (F, 100 \u00b1 13 L\/min; C, 99 \u00b1 16 L\/min) were not different. The time to fatigue was significantly longer for F (F \u2212 C = 15.4 s; 95% CI, 6.6 to 24.3 s).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Furosemide at 0.5 mg\/kg IV 4 hours preexercise was associated with approximately equal to 2% weight loss and a mild alkalinizing effect characterized by higher pH, SID, and HCO\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n \u2212<\/jats:sup>\n concentrations and lower P\n co<\/jats:sc>\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n from preexercise to postexercise. After furosemide administration, horses ran longer before fatiguing.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n Preexercise furosemide administration was associated with improved treadmill performance.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.26.03.0143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T12:21:52Z","timestamp":1786105312000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Horses undergoing supramaximal fixed-speed treadmill exercise after administration of furosemide experience less severe acidosis and slower onset of fatigue"],"prefix":"10.2460","author":[{"given":"Hanna L.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janene K.","family":"Kingston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond H.","family":"Sides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Warwick M.","family":"Bayly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"B1","series-title":"Vet Clin North Amer Equine Pract","first-page":"121","article-title":"Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base responses to exercise in racehorses","volume":"14","author":"Hyypp\u00e4 S","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hyypp\u00e4 S, P\u00f6s\u00f6 AR. 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