{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:05:09Z","timestamp":1790874309491,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the volumetric distribution of clotrimazole cream within the sinonasal cavities of cadaver dogs using frontal sinus trephination or the Seldinger technique.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cadaver dogs with normal sinonasal cavities underwent frontal sinus trephination or the Seldinger technique in this prospective experimental study between October 2022 and March 2023. Contrast-enhanced clotrimazole cream was instilled into the sinonasal cavities, and distribution was assessed using CT. Volumetric measurements were performed using open-source medical imaging software spanning regions from the frontal sinus, cribriform plate, canine tooth, and maxillary premolar 4 to the naris.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>25 cadaver dogs were enrolled; 22 met the inclusion criteria, and 3 cadavers were excluded (1 due to intracranial penetration via trephination). Both techniques achieved excellent frontal sinus filling (&gt; 75%). Mean instillation volumes required for ipsilateral naris filling increased with body weight: 2.4 \u00b1 0.2 mL\/kg (cadavers &lt; 10 kg), 3.0 \u00b1 0.2 mL\/kg (cadavers 10 to &lt; 20 kg), 3.6 \u00b1 0.2 mL\/kg (cadavers 20 to &lt; 40 kg), and 4.5 \u00b1 0.6 mL\/kg (cadavers &gt; 40 kg). Computed tomography\u2013guided measurements were required for cadavers &lt; 20 kg to minimize complications during trephination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Seldinger technique achieved sinonasal filling comparable to trephination in healthy cadavers. The volume of cream required varies for patient weight groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both techniques achieved comparable sinonasal clotrimazole filling; however, procedural feasibility may be influenced by small\u2011breed cadavers and those with normal sinonasal anatomy. Further studies in live patients are required to determine procedural feasibility, complication rates, and effectiveness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.26.04.0151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T16:20:58Z","timestamp":1784046058000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Trephination and the Seldinger technique achieve comparable sinonasal distribution of clotrimazole cream in canine cadavers"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Langton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Queensland Veterinary Specialists, Warana, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albion Veterinary Surgery, Albion, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnon","family":"Gal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Burchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville City, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"B1","series-title":"Med Mycol","first-page":"S315","article-title":"Canine sinonasal aspergillosis: parallels with human disease","volume":"47","author":"Day MJ","year":"2009","unstructured":"Day MJ. Canine sinonasal aspergillosis: parallels with human disease. Med Mycol. 2009;47(suppl 1):S315\u2013S323. doi:10.1080\/13693780802056038"},{"issue":"5","key":"B2","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Animal Pract","first-page":"901","article-title":"Update on canine sinonasal aspergillosis","volume":"37","author":"Peeters D","year":"2007","unstructured":"Peeters D, Clercx C. Update on canine sinonasal aspergillosis. Vet Clin North Am Small Animal Pract. 2007;37(5):901\u2013916. doi:10.1016\/j.cvsm.2007.05.005"},{"issue":"8","key":"B3","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"434","article-title":"Sinonasal aspergillosis in dogs: a review","volume":"53","author":"Sharman MJ","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sharman MJ, Mansfield CS. Sinonasal aspergillosis in dogs: a review. J Small Anim Pract. 2012;53(8):434\u2013444. doi:10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2012.01245.x"},{"issue":"6","key":"B4","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"782","article-title":"Use of ketoconazole in the treatment of canine nasal aspergillosis","volume":"194","author":"Sharp NJ","year":"1989","unstructured":"Sharp NJ, Sullivan M. Use of ketoconazole in the treatment of canine nasal aspergillosis. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1989;194(6):782\u2013786. doi:10.2460\/javma.1989.194.06.782"},{"issue":"10","key":"B5","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"683","article-title":"Treatment outcomes in sinonasal aspergillosis in dogs in the United Kingdom: 436 cases (2011\u20132021)","volume":"66","author":"Prior CD","year":"2025","unstructured":"Prior CD, Swales H, Kortum A, et al. Treatment outcomes in sinonasal aspergillosis in dogs in the United Kingdom: 436 cases (2011\u20132021). J Small Anim Pract. 2025;66(10):683\u2013692. doi:10.1111\/jsap.13876"},{"issue":"12","key":"B6","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"777","article-title":"Comparison of two minimally invasive enilconazole perendoscopic infusion protocols for the treatment of canine sinonasal aspergillosis","volume":"59","author":"Vangrinsven E","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vangrinsven E, Girod M, Goossens D, Desquilbet L, Clercx C, Billen F. Comparison of two minimally invasive enilconazole perendoscopic infusion protocols for the treatment of canine sinonasal aspergillosis. J Small Anim Pract. 2018;59(12):777\u2013782. doi:10.1111\/jsap.12933"},{"issue":"6","key":"B7","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"2069","article-title":"Minimally invasive treatment of sinonasal aspergillosis in dogs","volume":"32","author":"Ballber C","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ballber C, Hill TL, Bommer NX. Minimally invasive treatment of sinonasal aspergillosis in dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2018;32(6):2069\u20132073. doi:10.1111\/jvim.15311"},{"issue":"10","key":"B8","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1421","article-title":"Intranasal infusion of enilconazole for treatment of sinonasal aspergillosis in dogs","volume":"221","author":"Zonderland JL","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zonderland JL, St\u00f6rk CK, Saunders JH, Hamaide AJ, Balligand MH, Clercx CM. Intranasal infusion of enilconazole for treatment of sinonasal aspergillosis in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2002;221(10):1421\u20131425. doi:10.2460\/javma.2002.221.1421"},{"issue":"3","key":"B9","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"309","article-title":"Topical treatment of mycotic rhinitis-rhinosinusitis in dogs with meticulous debridement and 1% clotrimazole cream: 64 cases (2007\u20132014)","volume":"250","author":"Hazuchova K","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hazuchova K, Neiger R, Stengel C. Topical treatment of mycotic rhinitis-rhinosinusitis in dogs with meticulous debridement and 1% clotrimazole cream: 64 cases (2007\u20132014). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2017;250(3):309\u2013315. doi:10.2460\/javma.250.3.309"},{"issue":"2","key":"B10","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"103","article-title":"Treatment of sinonasal aspergillosis by debridement and sinonasal deposition therapy with clotrimazole under rhinoscopic guidance","volume":"54","author":"Vedrine B","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vedrine B, Fribourg-Blanc LA. Treatment of sinonasal aspergillosis by debridement and sinonasal deposition therapy with clotrimazole under rhinoscopic guidance. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2018;54(2):103\u2013110. doi:10.5326\/jaaha-ms-6648"},{"issue":"6","key":"B11","series-title":"Vet Med Sci","first-page":"e70663","article-title":"Cross-Sectional radiological and reconstructive anatomy of the paranasal sinuses in normal mesaticephalic dogs","volume":"11","author":"Turgut N","year":"2025","unstructured":"Turgut N. Cross-Sectional radiological and reconstructive anatomy of the paranasal sinuses in normal mesaticephalic dogs. Vet Med Sci. 2025;11(6):e70663. doi:10.1002\/vms3.70663"},{"issue":"6","key":"B12","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"476","article-title":"Distribution of topical agents in the frontal sinuses and nasal cavity of dogs: comparison between current protocols for treatment of nasal aspergillosis and a new noninvasive technique","volume":"24","author":"Richardson EF","year":"1995","unstructured":"Richardson EF, Mathews KG. Distribution of topical agents in the frontal sinuses and nasal cavity of dogs: comparison between current protocols for treatment of nasal aspergillosis and a new noninvasive technique. Vet Surg. 1995;24(6):476\u2013483. doi:10.1111\/j.1532-950x.1995.tb01358.x"},{"issue":"19","key":"B13","series-title":"Animals","first-page":"2880","article-title":"Primary and secondary sinonasal aspergillosis in dogs","volume":"15","author":"R\u00f6sch S","year":"2025","unstructured":"R\u00f6sch S, Oechtering GU. Primary and secondary sinonasal aspergillosis in dogs. Animals. 2025;15(19):2880. doi:10.3390\/ani15192880"},{"issue":"5","key":"B14","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"738","article-title":"Results of rhinoscopy alone or in conjunction with sinuscopy in dogs with aspergillosis: 46 cases (2001\u20132004)","volume":"228","author":"Johnson LR","year":"2006","unstructured":"Johnson LR, Drazenovich TL, Herrera MA, Wisner ER. Results of rhinoscopy alone or in conjunction with sinuscopy in dogs with aspergillosis: 46 cases (2001\u20132004). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2006;228(5):738\u2013742. doi:10.2460\/javma.228.5.738"},{"issue":"11","key":"B15","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1","article-title":"Outcomes in dogs with sinonasal aspergillosis treated via sinuscopic debridement and clotrimazole cream application","volume":"263","author":"Hertel B","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hertel B, Bird F, Vallefuoco R, Longley M, Brissot H. Outcomes in dogs with sinonasal aspergillosis treated via sinuscopic debridement and clotrimazole cream application. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2025;263(11):1\u20137. doi:10.2460\/javma.25.04.0266"},{"issue":"6","key":"B16","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"312","article-title":"Combined clotrimazole irrigation and depot therapy for canine nasal aspergillosis","volume":"47","author":"Sissener TR","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sissener TR, Bacon NJ, Friend E, Anderson DM, White RAS. Combined clotrimazole irrigation and depot therapy for canine nasal aspergillosis. J Small Anim Pract. 2006;47(6):312\u2013315. doi:10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2006.00017.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"B17","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"161","article-title":"Clotrimazole and enilconazole distribution within the frontal sinuses and nasal cavity of nine dogs with sinonasal aspergillosis","volume":"53","author":"Sharman M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sharman M, Lenard Z, Hosgood G, Mansfield C. Clotrimazole and enilconazole distribution within the frontal sinuses and nasal cavity of nine dogs with sinonasal aspergillosis. J Small Anim Pract. 2012;53(3):161\u2013167. doi:10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2011.01181.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"B18","series-title":"Can Vet J","first-page":"164","article-title":"Efficacy of intrasinusal administration of bifonazole cream alone or in combination with enilconazole irrigation in canine sino-nasal aspergillosis: 17 cases","volume":"51","author":"Billen F","year":"2010","unstructured":"Billen F, Guieu LV, Bernaerts F, et al. Efficacy of intrasinusal administration of bifonazole cream alone or in combination with enilconazole irrigation in canine sino-nasal aspergillosis: 17 cases. Can Vet J. 2010;51(2):164\u2013168."},{"issue":"3","key":"B19","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"149","article-title":"Canine nasal aspergillosis: serology and treatment with ketoconazole","volume":"25","author":"Sharp N","year":"1984","unstructured":"Sharp N, Burrell MH, Sullivan M, Cervantes-Olivares RA. Canine nasal aspergillosis: serology and treatment with ketoconazole. J Small Anim Pract. 1984;25(3):149\u2013158. doi:10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1984.tb00462.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"B20","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"501","article-title":"Comparison of topical administration of clotrimazole through surgically placed versus nonsurgically placed catheters for treatment of nasal aspergillosis in dogs: 60 cases (1990\u20131996)","volume":"213","author":"Mathews KG","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mathews KG, Davidson AP, Koblik PD, et al. Comparison of topical administration of clotrimazole through surgically placed versus nonsurgically placed catheters for treatment of nasal aspergillosis in dogs: 60 cases (1990\u20131996). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1998;213(4):501\u2013506. doi:10.2460\/javma.1998.213.04.501"},{"issue":"1","key":"B21","series-title":"Can J Vet Res","first-page":"53","article-title":"Computed tomographic assessment of a new nonsurgical sinus trephination technique using a medical bone marrow drill","author":"Caudal V","year":"2017","unstructured":"Caudal V, Snead E, Starrak G, Sathya S, Feng C. Computed tomographic assessment of a new nonsurgical sinus trephination technique using a medical bone marrow drill. Can J Vet Res.  2017:81(1):53\u201358."},{"issue":"3","key":"B22","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"322","article-title":"Trephination of the frontal sinuses and instillation of clotrimazole cream: a computed tomographic study in canine cadavers","volume":"42","author":"Burrow R","year":"2013","unstructured":"Burrow R, Baker M, White L, McConnell JF. Trephination of the frontal sinuses and instillation of clotrimazole cream: a computed tomographic study in canine cadavers. Vet Surg. 2013;42(3):322\u2013328. doi:10.1111\/j.1532-950x.2013.01105.x"},{"issue":"5","key":"B23","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"640","article-title":"Assessment of clotrimazole gels for in vitro stability and in vivo retention in the frontal sinus of dogs","volume":"70","author":"Mathews KG","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mathews KG, Linder KE, Davidson GS, Goldman RB, Papich MG. Assessment of clotrimazole gels for in vitro stability and in vivo retention in the frontal sinus of dogs. Am J Vet Res. 2009;70(5):640\u2013647. doi:10.2460\/ajvr.70.5.640"},{"issue":"2","key":"B24","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"95","article-title":"Distribution and persistence of topical clotrimazole after sinus infusion in normal canine cadavers","volume":"53","author":"Hayes GM","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hayes GM, Demetriou JL. Distribution and persistence of topical clotrimazole after sinus infusion in normal canine cadavers. J Small Anim Pract. 2012;53(2):95\u2013100. doi:10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2011.01164.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"B25","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"309","article-title":"Computed tomographic assessment of noninvasive intranasal infusions in dogs with fungal rhinitis","volume":"25","author":"Mathews KG","year":"1996","unstructured":"Mathews KG, Koblik PD, Richardson EF, Davidson AP, Pappagianis D. Computed tomographic assessment of noninvasive intranasal infusions in dogs with fungal rhinitis. Vet Surg. 1996;25(4):309\u2013319. doi:10.1111\/j.1532-950x.1996.tb01419.x"},{"key":"B26","year":"2013","unstructured":"Australian code for the care and use of animals for scientific purposes, 8th edition. National Health and Medical Research Council. 2013. Accessed May 10, 2026. https:\/\/www.nhmrc.gov.au\/about-us\/publications\/australian-code-care-and-use-animals-scientific-purposes#block-views-block-file-attachments-content-block-1"},{"issue":"1","key":"B27","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"20","article-title":"Frontal sinus depth at four landmarks in breeds of dog typically affected by sinonasal aspergillosis","volume":"170","author":"Burrow R","year":"2012","unstructured":"Burrow R, McCarroll D, Baker M, Darby P, McConnell F, Cripps P. Frontal sinus depth at four landmarks in breeds of dog typically affected by sinonasal aspergillosis. Vet Rec. 2012;170(1):20. doi:10.1136\/vr.100041"},{"key":"B28","author":"Fedorov A","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fedorov A, Beichel R, Kalpathy-Cramer J, et al. 3D Slicer as an Image Computing Platform for the Quantitative Imaging Network. 2012. Accessed May 10, 2026. https:\/\/www.slicer.org\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"B29","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"3529","article-title":"Volumetric CT-based segmentation of NSCLC using 3D-Slicer","volume":"3","author":"Velazquez ER","year":"2013","unstructured":"Velazquez ER, Parmar C, Jermoumi M, et al. Volumetric CT-based segmentation of NSCLC using 3D-Slicer. Sci Rep. 2013;3(1):3529. doi:10.1038\/srep03529"},{"issue":"4","key":"B30","series-title":"Brachytherapy","first-page":"514","article-title":"Evaluating the utility of \u201c3D Slicer\u201d as a fast and independent tool to assess intrafractional organ dose variations in gynecological brachytherapy","volume":"15","author":"Siavashpour Z","year":"2016","unstructured":"Siavashpour Z, Aghamiri MR, Jaberi R, Dehghan-Manshadi HR, Sedaghat M, Kirisits C. Evaluating the utility of \u201c3D Slicer\u201d as a fast and independent tool to assess intrafractional organ dose variations in gynecological brachytherapy. Brachytherapy. 2016;15(4):514\u2013523. doi:10.1016\/j.brachy.2016.03.009"},{"issue":"6","key":"B31","series-title":"Acad Radiol","first-page":"e172","article-title":"Geometric and volumetric relationship between human lumbar vertebra and CT-based models","volume":"28","author":"Kanawati A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kanawati A, Fernandes RJR, Gee A, et al. Geometric and volumetric relationship between human lumbar vertebra and CT-based models. Acad Radiol. 2021;28(6):e172\u2013e181. doi:10.1016\/j.acra.2020.05.027"},{"key":"B32","article-title":"Development and verification of medical image analysis tools within the 3D slicer environment","author":"Forbes JL","year":"2016","unstructured":"Forbes JL. Development and verification of medical image analysis tools within the 3D slicer environment. University of Iowa. 2016. Accessed December 13, 2023. https:\/\/iro.uiowa.edu\/esploro\/outputs\/graduate\/Development-and-verification-of-medical-image\/9983776897802771\/filesAndLinks?index=0"},{"key":"B33","series-title":"BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Endoscopy and Endosurgery","author":"Lhermette P","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lhermette P, Sobel D, Robertson E. BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Endoscopy and Endosurgery. British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 2020. doi:10.22233\/9781910443620.9"},{"issue":"5","key":"B34","series-title":"Vet Pathol","first-page":"929","article-title":"Postmortem changes in animal carcasses and estimation of the postmortem interval","volume":"53","author":"Brooks JW","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brooks JW. Postmortem changes in animal carcasses and estimation of the postmortem interval. Vet Pathol. 2016;53(5):929\u2013940. doi:10.1177\/0300985816629720"},{"issue":"1","key":"B35","series-title":"Polymers","first-page":"177","article-title":"Thermo-mechanical behaviour of human nasal cartilage","volume":"12","author":"Fertuzinhos A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fertuzinhos A, Teixeira MA, Ferreira MG, et al. Thermo-mechanical behaviour of human nasal cartilage. Polymers. 2020;12(1):177. doi:10.3390\/polym12010177"},{"issue":"4","key":"B36","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1353","article-title":"Sinonasal aspergillosis: outcome after topical treatment in dogs with cribriform plate lysis","volume":"32","author":"Belda B","year":"2018","unstructured":"Belda B, Petrovitch N, Mathews KG. Sinonasal aspergillosis: outcome after topical treatment in dogs with cribriform plate lysis. J Vet Intern Med. 2018;32(4):1353\u20131358. doi:10.1111\/jvim.15219"},{"issue":"9","key":"B37","series-title":"J Small Anim Prac","first-page":"504","article-title":"Treatment of refractory sinonasal aspergillosis with posaconazole and terbinafine in 10 dogs","volume":"58","author":"Stewart J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stewart J, Bianco D. Treatment of refractory sinonasal aspergillosis with posaconazole and terbinafine in 10 dogs. J Small Anim Prac. 2017;58(9):504\u2013509. doi:10.1111\/jsap.12686"},{"issue":"1","key":"B38","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"111","article-title":"Oral administration of voriconazole with surgical fungal plaque debridement for the treatment of sinonasal aspergillosis with cribriform plate lysis in three dogs","volume":"256","author":"Bray RN","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bray RN, Raghu CL, Leuin AS, Barry-Heffernan CA, Pritchard JC. Oral administration of voriconazole with surgical fungal plaque debridement for the treatment of sinonasal aspergillosis with cribriform plate lysis in three dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2020;256(1):111\u2013116. doi:10.2460\/javma.256.1.111"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/87\/10\/ajvr.26.04.0151.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/87\/10\/ajvr.26.04.0151.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/87\/10\/ajvr.26.04.0151.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:27:43Z","timestamp":1790872063000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/87\/10\/ajvr.26.04.0151.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.26.04.0151","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645","1943-5681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9645","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-5681","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]}}}