{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T18:04:47Z","timestamp":1784657087243,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine how microRNA (miRNA) levels are altered in serum samples under different storage conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Whole blood was collected from 10 healthy dogs and placed into 7 tubes: (Tube 1) a red-top tube (RTT) centrifuged for immediate serum separation and stored at \u221280\u2009\u00b0C (control), (Tube 2) room temperature (RT) for 24 to 36 hours, or (Tube 3) refrigerated temperature (FT) for 24 to 36 hours; (Tube 4) an RTT stored at RT for 24 to 36 hours or (Tube 5) FT for 24 to 36 hours; and (Tube 6) a serum separator tube centrifuged and stored at RT for 24 to 36 hours or (Tube 7) FT for 24 to 36 hours. Following RNA isolation and sequencing, differential expression analysis was performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All tubes had altered levels of miRNA compared to the control. Tube 5 was not further analyzed due to a high incidence of hemolysis. Conditions with immediate serum separation and refrigeration (Tube 3, Tube 7) had the fewest alterations in miRNA levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Collection of serum for future miRNA analysis should be done with immediate separation of serum (via centrifugation of an RTT and removal of serum or use of a serum separator tube) and storage at FT for 24 to 36 hours prior to placement into a \u221280\u2009\u00b0C freezer to have the fewest changes in miRNA levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings will help facilitate collection of additional samples from secondary research sites. Researchers should be aware of specific miRNA that may be altered based on storage conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.26.04.0191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T17:26:42Z","timestamp":1784654802000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immediate separation and storage of serum at a refrigerated temperature for 24 to 36 hours leads to minimal alterations in circulating microRNA levels in dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","author":[{"given":"Janet A.","family":"Grimes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenna","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"B1","series-title":"Nat Rev Cancer","first-page":"259","article-title":"Oncomirs - microRNAs with a role in cancer","volume":"6","author":"Esquela-Kerscher A","year":"2006","unstructured":"Esquela-Kerscher A, Slack FJ. Oncomirs - microRNAs with a role in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2006;6(4):259\u2013269. doi:10.1038\/nrc1840"},{"issue":"13","key":"B2","series-title":"Int J Mol Sci","first-page":"7167","article-title":"MicroRNA-based diagnosis and therapy","volume":"23","author":"Ho PTB","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ho PTB, Clark IM, Le LTT. MicroRNA-based diagnosis and therapy. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(13):7167. doi:10.3390\/ijms23137167"},{"issue":"4","key":"B3","series-title":"Int J Cancer","first-page":"865","article-title":"Identification and evaluation of a serum microRNA panel to diagnose colorectal cancer patients","volume":"156","author":"Ng L","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ng L, Sin RW, Cheung DH, et al. Identification and evaluation of a serum microRNA panel to diagnose colorectal cancer patients. Int J Cancer. 2025;156(4):865\u2013874. doi:10.1002\/ijc.35175"},{"issue":"1","key":"B4","series-title":"Gynecol Oncol","first-page":"55","article-title":"The detection of differentially expressed microRNAs from the serum of ovarian cancer patients using a novel real-time PCR platform","volume":"112","author":"Resnick KE","year":"2009","unstructured":"Resnick KE, Alder H, Hagan JP, Richardson DL, Croce CM, Cohn DE. The detection of differentially expressed microRNAs from the serum of ovarian cancer patients using a novel real-time PCR platform. Gynecol Oncol. 2009;112(1):55\u201359. doi:10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.08.036"},{"issue":"8","key":"B5","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"659","article-title":"Identification of serum microRNAs with differential expression between dogs with splenic masses and healthy dogs with histologically normal spleens","volume":"82","author":"Grimes JA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grimes JA, Robinson KR, Bullington AM, Schmiedt JM. Identification of serum microRNAs with differential expression between dogs with splenic masses and healthy dogs with histologically normal spleens. Am J Vet Res. 2021;82(8):659\u2013666. doi:10.2460\/ajvr.82.8.659"},{"issue":"2","key":"B6","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","article-title":"A panel of 4 circulating microRNAs (126-5p, 150-5p, 452-5p, and 543) discriminates dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma from those with noncancerous splenic masses","volume":"87","author":"Grimes JA","year":"2025","unstructured":"Grimes JA, Schmiedt JM. A panel of 4 circulating microRNAs (126-5p, 150-5p, 452-5p, and 543) discriminates dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma from those with noncancerous splenic masses. Am J Vet Res. 2025;87(2):25.07.0258. doi:10.2460\/ajvr.25.07.0258"},{"issue":"2","key":"B7","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","article-title":"Circulating levels of microRNAs 126-5p, 150-5p, 214-3p, and 452-5p decrease following splenectomy in dogs with hemangiosarcoma","volume":"87","author":"Grimes JA","year":"2025","unstructured":"Grimes JA, Schmiedt JM. Circulating levels of microRNAs 126-5p, 150-5p, 214-3p, and 452-5p decrease following splenectomy in dogs with hemangiosarcoma. Am J Vet Res. 2025;87(2):25.07.0250. doi:10.2460\/ajvr.25.07.0250"},{"issue":"1","key":"B8","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"2301","article-title":"Circulating microRNA-214 and -126 as potential biomarkers for canine neoplastic disease","volume":"7","author":"Heishima K","year":"2017","unstructured":"Heishima K, Ichikawa Y, Yoshida K, et al. Circulating microRNA-214 and -126 as potential biomarkers for canine neoplastic disease. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):2301. doi:10.1038\/s41598-017-02607-1"},{"issue":"10","key":"B9","series-title":"Int J Mol Sci","first-page":"25377","article-title":"MicroRNA-214 and microRNA-126 are potential biomarkers for malignant endothelial proliferative diseases","volume":"16","author":"Heishima K","year":"2015","unstructured":"Heishima K, Mori T, Ichikawa Y, et al. MicroRNA-214 and microRNA-126 are potential biomarkers for malignant endothelial proliferative diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2015;16(10):25377\u201325391. doi:10.3390\/ijms161025377"},{"issue":"9","key":"B10","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0137361","article-title":"MicroRNA-214 promotes apoptosis in canine hemangiosarcoma by targeting the COP1-p53 axis","volume":"10","author":"Heishima K","year":"2015","unstructured":"Heishima K, Mori T, Sakai H, et al. MicroRNA-214 promotes apoptosis in canine hemangiosarcoma by targeting the COP1-p53 axis. PLoS One. 2015;10(9):e0137361. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0137361"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"B11","series-title":"Mamm Genome","first-page":"561","article-title":"MicroRNA expression in canine mammary cancer","volume":"19","author":"Boggs RM","year":"2008","unstructured":"Boggs RM, Wright ZM, Stickney MJ, Porter WW, Murphy KE. MicroRNA expression in canine mammary cancer. Mamm Genome. 2008;19(7\u20138):561\u2013569. doi:10.1007\/s00335-008-9128-7"},{"issue":"2","key":"B12","series-title":"Dev Cell","first-page":"272","article-title":"miR-126 regulates angiogenic signaling and vascular integrity","volume":"15","author":"Fish JE","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fish JE, Santoro MM, Morton SU, et al. miR-126 regulates angiogenic signaling and vascular integrity. Dev Cell. 2008;15(2):272\u2013284. doi:10.1016\/j.devcel.2008.07.008"},{"key":"B13","series-title":"Front Vet Sci","first-page":"637622","article-title":"MicroRNA expression changes and integrated pathways associated with poor outcome in canine osteosarcoma","author":"Dailey DD","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dailey DD, Hess AM, Bouma GJ, Duval DL. MicroRNA expression changes and integrated pathways associated with poor outcome in canine osteosarcoma. Front Vet Sci. 2021;8:637622. doi:10.3389\/fvets.2021.637622"},{"issue":"12","key":"B14","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0311104","article-title":"Plasma microRNA signatures predict prognosis in canine osteosarcoma patients","volume":"19","author":"Ludwig L","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ludwig L, Edson M, Treleaven H, et al. Plasma microRNA signatures predict prognosis in canine osteosarcoma patients. PLoS One. 2024;19(12):e0311104. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0311104"},{"key":"B15","series-title":"Front Vet Sci","first-page":"1461506","article-title":"Free circulating versus extracellular vesicle-associated microRNA expression in canine T-cell lymphoma","author":"Capuano C","year":"2024","unstructured":"Capuano C, Moccia V, Molinari A, et al. Free circulating versus extracellular vesicle-associated microRNA expression in canine T-cell lymphoma. Front Vet Sci. 2024;11:1461506. doi:10.3389\/fvets.2024.1461506"},{"issue":"2","key":"B16","series-title":"Vet Comp Oncol","first-page":"310","article-title":"Classification and prognostication of B-cell and T-cell multicentric lymphoma in dogs using serum microRNAs","volume":"23","author":"Ludwig L","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ludwig L, Treleaven H, Moorehead R, et al. Classification and prognostication of B-cell and T-cell multicentric lymphoma in dogs using serum microRNAs. Vet Comp Oncol. 2025;23(2):310\u2013319. doi:10.1111\/vco.13057"},{"issue":"10","key":"B17","series-title":"Cell Res","first-page":"997","article-title":"Characterization of microRNAs in serum: a novel class of biomarkers for diagnosis of cancer and other diseases","volume":"18","author":"Chen X","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chen X, Ba Y, Ma L, et al. Characterization of microRNAs in serum: a novel class of biomarkers for diagnosis of cancer and other diseases. Cell Res. 2008;18(10):997\u20131006. doi:10.1038\/cr.2008.282"},{"issue":"2","key":"B18","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0167969","article-title":"Stability of circulating blood-based microRNAs - pre-analytic methodological considerations","volume":"12","author":"Glinge C","year":"2017","unstructured":"Glinge C, Clauss S, Boddum K, et al. Stability of circulating blood-based microRNAs - pre-analytic methodological considerations. PLoS One. 2017;12(2):e0167969. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0167969"},{"issue":"1","key":"B19","series-title":"Ann Clin Biochem","first-page":"178","article-title":"Degradation of serum microRNAs during transient storage of serum samples at 4 \u00b0C","volume":"55","author":"Aiso T","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aiso T, Takigami S, Yamaki A, Ohnishi H. Degradation of serum microRNAs during transient storage of serum samples at 4 \u00b0C. Ann Clin Biochem. 2018;55(1):178\u2013180. doi:10.1177\/0004563217704233"},{"issue":"11","key":"B20","series-title":"Leukemia","first-page":"2414","article-title":"Impact of serum storage conditions on microRNA stability","volume":"26","author":"Grasedieck S","year":"2012","unstructured":"Grasedieck S, Scholer N, Bommer M, et al. Impact of serum storage conditions on microRNA stability. Leukemia. 2012;26(11):2414\u20132416. doi:10.1038\/leu.2012.106"},{"issue":"1","key":"B21","series-title":"Microrna","first-page":"42","article-title":"Evaluation of microRNA stability in plasma and serum from healthy dogs","volume":"6","author":"Enelund L","year":"2017","unstructured":"Enelund L, Nielsen LN, Cirera S. Evaluation of microRNA stability in plasma and serum from healthy dogs. Microrna. 2017;6(1):42\u201352. doi:10.2174\/2211536606666170113124114"},{"issue":"9","key":"B22","series-title":"Bioanalysis","first-page":"1215","article-title":"A lipemia-independent NanoDrop-based score to identify hemolysis in plasma and serum samples","volume":"6","author":"Appierto V","year":"2014","unstructured":"Appierto V, Callari M, Cavadini E, Morelli D, Daidone MG, Tiberio P. A lipemia-independent NanoDrop-based score to identify hemolysis in plasma and serum samples. Bioanalysis. 2014;6(9):1215\u20131226. doi:10.4155\/bio.13.344"},{"issue":"1","key":"B23","series-title":"BMC Vet Res","first-page":"355","article-title":"Systematic analysis of different degrees of haemolysis on miRNA levels in serum and serum-derived extracellular vesicles from dogs","volume":"18","author":"Aguilera-Rojas M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aguilera-Rojas M, Sharbati S, Stein T, Candela Andrade M, Kohn B, Einspanier R. Systematic analysis of different degrees of haemolysis on miRNA levels in serum and serum-derived extracellular vesicles from dogs. BMC Vet Res. 2022;18(1):355. doi:10.1186\/s12917-022-03445-8"},{"issue":"1","key":"B24","series-title":"Oncol Lett","first-page":"315","article-title":"A methodological procedure for evaluating the impact of hemolysis on circulating microRNAs","volume":"13","author":"Pizzamiglio S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pizzamiglio S, Zanutto S, Ciniselli CM, et al. A methodological procedure for evaluating the impact of hemolysis on circulating microRNAs. Oncol Lett. 2017;13(1):315\u2013320. doi:10.3892\/ol.2016.5452"},{"issue":"1","key":"B25","series-title":"EMBnetjournal","first-page":"10","article-title":"Cutadapt removes adapter sequences from high-throughput sequencing reads","volume":"17","author":"Martin M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Martin M. Cutadapt removes adapter sequences from high-throughput sequencing reads. EMBnetjournal. 2011;17(1):10\u201312. doi:10.14806\/ej.17.1.200"},{"key":"B26","unstructured":"FastQC: a quality control tool for high throughput sequence data. Accessed February 16, 2025. http:\/\/www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk\/projects\/fastqc"},{"issue":"1","key":"B27","series-title":"Bioinformatics","first-page":"15","article-title":"STAR: ultrafast universal RNA-seq aligner","volume":"29","author":"Dobin A","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dobin A, Davis CA, Schlesinger F, et al. STAR: ultrafast universal RNA-seq aligner. Bioinformatics. 2013;29(1):15\u201321. doi:10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts635"},{"issue":"2","key":"B28","series-title":"Bioinformatics","first-page":"166","article-title":"HTSeq\u2013a Python framework to work with high-throughput sequencing data","volume":"31","author":"Anders S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Anders S, Pyl PT, Huber W. HTSeq\u2013a Python framework to work with high-throughput sequencing data. Bioinformatics. 2015;31(2):166\u2013169. doi:10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu638"},{"issue":"10","key":"B29","series-title":"Bioinformatics","first-page":"2943","article-title":"Analysing high-throughput sequencing data in Python with HTSeq 2.0","volume":"38","author":"Putri GH","year":"2022","unstructured":"Putri GH, Anders S, Pyl PT, Pimanda JE, Zanini F. Analysing high-throughput sequencing data in Python with HTSeq 2.0. Bioinformatics. 2022;38(10):2943\u20132945. doi:10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btac166"},{"key":"B30","unstructured":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Version 4.2.1. Accessed February 16, 2025 and June 23, 2026. https:\/\/www.R-project.org"},{"issue":"1","key":"B31","series-title":"Bioinformatics","first-page":"139","article-title":"edgeR: a bioconductor package for differential expression analysis of digital gene expression data","volume":"26","author":"Robinson MD","year":"2010","unstructured":"Robinson MD, McCarthy DJ, Smyth GK. edgeR: a bioconductor package for differential expression analysis of digital gene expression data. Bioinformatics. 2010;26(1):139\u2013140. doi:10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp616"},{"issue":"7","key":"B32","series-title":"Nucleic Acids Res","first-page":"e47","article-title":"limma powers differential expression analyses for RNA-sequencing and microarray studies","volume":"43","author":"Ritchie ME","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ritchie ME, Phipson B, Wu D, et al. limma powers differential expression analyses for RNA-sequencing and microarray studies. Nucleic Acids Res. 2015;43(7):e47. doi:10.1093\/nar\/gkv007"},{"issue":"12","key":"B33","series-title":"Genome Biol","first-page":"550","article-title":"Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2","volume":"15","author":"Love MI","year":"2014","unstructured":"Love MI, Huber W, Anders S. Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2. Genome Biol. 2014;15(12):550. doi:10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8"},{"issue":"4","key":"B34","series-title":"Dev Dyn","first-page":"1046","article-title":"Reciprocal expression of lin-41 and the microRNAs let-7 and mir-125 during mouse embryogenesis","volume":"234","author":"Schulman BR","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schulman BR, Esquela-Kerscher A, Slack FJ. Reciprocal expression of lin-41 and the microRNAs let-7 and mir-125 during mouse embryogenesis. Dev Dyn. 2005;234(4):1046\u20131054. doi:10.1002\/dvdy.20599"},{"issue":"8","key":"B35","series-title":"Biology (Basel)","first-page":"617","article-title":"Bioinformatics analysis of microRNAs associated with metastatic potential in breast cancer","volume":"15","author":"Nikezic A","year":"2026","unstructured":"Nikezic A, Goc S, Stevanovic J, et al. Bioinformatics analysis of microRNAs associated with metastatic potential in breast cancer. Biology (Basel). 2026;15(8):617. doi:10.3390\/biology15080617"},{"key":"B36","series-title":"Surg Oncol","first-page":"102423","article-title":"The role of microRNAs in modulating ZEB2-driven EMT and metastasis","author":"Rab SO","year":"2026","unstructured":"Rab SO, Midhin BK, Altalbawy FMA, et al. The role of microRNAs in modulating ZEB2-driven EMT and metastasis. Surg Oncol. 2026;66:102423. doi:10.1016\/j.suronc.2026.102423"},{"key":"B37","series-title":"Front Oncol","first-page":"1579873","article-title":"Modeling and validation of serum miR-18a and miR-122 levels as predictors of recurrence after laparoscopic radical cystectomy procedure for bladder cancer based on nomogram model","author":"Wang P","year":"2026","unstructured":"Wang P, Deng J, Wu S. Modeling and validation of serum miR-18a and miR-122 levels as predictors of recurrence after laparoscopic radical cystectomy procedure for bladder cancer based on nomogram model. Front Oncol. 2026;15:1579873. doi:10.3389\/fonc.2025.1579873"},{"issue":"1","key":"B38","series-title":"Discov Oncol","first-page":"586","article-title":"Tongue squamous cell carcinoma exosomal miR-122-5p promotes the conversion from fibroblasts to inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts","volume":"17","author":"Xia B","year":"2026","unstructured":"Xia B, Wu J, Zhang H, Yang H, Xu B. Tongue squamous cell carcinoma exosomal miR-122-5p promotes the conversion from fibroblasts to inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts. Discov Oncol. 2026;17(1):586. doi:10.1007\/s12672-026-04754-2"},{"issue":"2","key":"B39","series-title":"Biochem Genet","first-page":"1258","article-title":"MiR-374a\/b-5p suppresses cell growth in papillary thyroid carcinoma through blocking exosomal ANXA1-induced macrophage M2 polarization","volume":"63","author":"Liu S","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu S. MiR-374a\/b-5p suppresses cell growth in papillary thyroid carcinoma through blocking exosomal ANXA1-induced macrophage M2 polarization. Biochem Genet. 2025;63(2):1258\u20131274. doi:10.1007\/s10528-024-10747-z"},{"issue":"8","key":"B40","series-title":"Am J Cancer Res","first-page":"3907","article-title":"MiR-374b-5p inhibits KDM5B-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pancreatic cancer","volume":"11","author":"Zhao X","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao X, Zhang X, Zhang X, et al. MiR-374b-5p inhibits KDM5B-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pancreatic cancer. Am J Cancer Res. 2021;11(8):3907\u20133920."},{"issue":"D1","key":"B41","series-title":"Nucleic Acids Res","first-page":"D155","article-title":"miRBase: from microRNA sequences to function","volume":"47","author":"Kozomara A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kozomara A, Birgaoanu M, Griffiths-Jones S. miRBase: from microRNA sequences to function. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019;47(D1):D155\u2013D162. doi:10.1093\/nar\/gky1141"},{"issue":"18","key":"B42","series-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci","first-page":"3497","article-title":"MicroRNA expression studies: challenge of selecting reliable reference controls for data normalization","volume":"76","author":"Madadi S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Madadi S, Schwarzenbach H, Lorenzen J, Soleimani M. MicroRNA expression studies: challenge of selecting reliable reference controls for data normalization. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2019;76(18):3497\u20133514. doi:10.1007\/s00018-019-03136-y"},{"key":"B43","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"35611","article-title":"Identification of reference genes for circulating microRNA analysis in colorectal cancer","author":"Niu Y","year":"2016","unstructured":"Niu Y, Wu Y, Huang J, et al. Identification of reference genes for circulating microRNA analysis in colorectal cancer. Sci Rep. 2016;6:35611. doi:10.1038\/srep35611"},{"issue":"1","key":"B44","series-title":"Mol Med Rep","first-page":"615","article-title":"Identification and validation of reference genes for the detection of serum microRNAs by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction in patients with bladder cancer","volume":"12","author":"Wang L","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang L, Liu Y, Du L, et al. Identification and validation of reference genes for the detection of serum microRNAs by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction in patients with bladder cancer. Mol Med Rep. 2015;12(1):615\u2013622. doi:10.3892\/mmr.2015.3428"},{"issue":"12","key":"B45","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e83025","article-title":"Identification and validation of reference genes for qPCR detection of serum micro\u00adRNAs in colorectal adenocarcinoma patients","volume":"8","author":"Zheng G","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zheng G, Wang H, Zhang X, et al. Identification and validation of reference genes for qPCR detection of serum micro\u00adRNAs in colorectal adenocarcinoma patients. PLoS One. 2013;8(12):e83025. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0083025"},{"issue":"1","key":"B46","series-title":"Mol Biotechnol","first-page":"49","article-title":"Identification of suitable reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis of circulating micro\u00adRNAs in hepatitis B virus-infected patients","volume":"50","author":"Zhu HT","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhu HT, Dong QZ, Wang G, et al. Identification of suitable reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis of circulating micro\u00adRNAs in hepatitis B virus-infected patients. Mol Biotechnol. 2012;50(1):49\u201356. doi:10.1007\/s12033-011-9414-6"},{"issue":"7","key":"B47","series-title":"Genome Biol","first-page":"RESEARCH0034","article-title":"Accurate normalization of real-time quantitative RT-PCR data by geometric averaging of multiple internal control genes","volume":"3","author":"Vandesompele J","year":"2002","unstructured":"Vandesompele J, De Preter K, Pattyn F, et al. Accurate normalization of real-time quantitative RT-PCR data by geometric averaging of multiple internal control genes. Genome Biol. 2002;3(7):RESEARCH0034. doi:10.1186\/gb-2002-3-7-research0034"},{"issue":"9","key":"B48","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e24145","article-title":"Haemolysis during sample preparation alters microRNA content of plasma","volume":"6","author":"Kirschner MB","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kirschner MB, Kao SC, Edelman JJ, et al. Haemolysis during sample preparation alters microRNA content of plasma. PLoS One. 2011;6(9):e24145. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0024145"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/aop\/ajvr.26.04.0191\/ajvr.26.04.0191.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/aop\/ajvr.26.04.0191\/ajvr.26.04.0191.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T17:26:43Z","timestamp":1784654803000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/aop\/ajvr.26.04.0191\/ajvr.26.04.0191.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"references-count":48,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.26.04.0191","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645","1943-5681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9645","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-5681","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]}}}