{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:04:24Z","timestamp":1790874264984,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare CT measurements of radial geometry obtained using computer-aided design (CAD) software to those obtained using multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) and to compare their intraobserver reliability. We hypothesized that CAD and MPR measurements would be different and that the CAD method would have higher reliability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CT images from normal thoracic limbs of dogs scanned from January 1, 2018, through March 1, 2023, were retrospectively collected and analyzed. The CAD and MPR-based measurements in frontal (proximal\/distal), sagittal, and torsional planes were made by 1 observer, in triplicate, and compared. Biases and reliability were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>10 right-sided thoracic limbs were included. Median proximal frontal angulation was 3.6\u00b0 (IQR, \u22120.7\u00b0 to 6.2\u00b0; valgus) using CAD and \u22126.8\u00b0 (IQR, \u22128.9\u00b0 to \u22125.3\u00b0; varus) using MPR. The reliability of CAD measurements of sagittal and distal frontal angulation was excellent, whereas the reliability of MPR measurements was moderate for sagittal angulation and poor for distal frontal angulation. There was no difference in reliability between CAD and MPR for proximal frontal or torsional measurements. Agreement between CAD and MPR was poor in all planes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Measurements of proximal frontal angulation differed between CAD and MPR groups, most likely due to differences in the anatomic features used. The reliability of CAD measurements was equal to or superior to the reliability of MPR measurements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Understanding the relationship between CAD and MPR measurements is important as CAD-derived measurements are likely not equivalent to MPR-derived measurements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.26.05.0205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T13:13:06Z","timestamp":1782306786000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Measurements of radial angulation using computer-aided design software provide equal or superior reliability to multiplanar computed tomographic reconstruction in dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1204-2841","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Regan M.","family":"Stoneburner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University Hospital for Animals, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas B.","family":"Lassinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Med Dimensions LLC, Rochester, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Galina","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University Hospital for Animals, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2987-7722","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jason A.","family":"Bleedorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William M.","family":"Karlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6596-5928","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Denis J.","family":"Marcellin-Little","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, Weill School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6599-5289","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Selena","family":"Tinga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University Hospital for Animals, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"B1","series-title":"Compend Contin Educ Vet","first-page":"E1","article-title":"The epiphyseal plate: nutritional and hormonal influences; hereditary and other disorders","volume":"31","author":"von Pfeil DJF","year":"2009","unstructured":"von Pfeil DJF, DeCamp CE, Abood SK. The epiphyseal plate: nutritional and hormonal influences; hereditary and other disorders. Compend Contin Educ Vet. 2009;31(8):E1\u201313."},{"issue":"5","key":"B2","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"424","article-title":"Prognostic factors in treating antebrachial growth deformities with a lengthening procedure using a circular external skeletal fixation system in dogs","volume":"34","author":"Theyse LFH","year":"2005","unstructured":"Theyse LFH, Voorhout G, Hazewinkel HAW. Prognostic factors in treating antebrachial growth deformities with a lengthening procedure using a circular external skeletal fixation system in dogs. 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