{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:21:27Z","timestamp":1787836887495,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, management, and short- and long-term outcomes of dogs with caudal mediastinal paraesophageal abscesses (CMPA) in a multi-institutional retrospective cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>12 client-owned dogs with CMPA confirmed on CT and\/or surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The most common presenting complaints were inappetence and lethargy. Tachypnea and dyspnea were frequent physical examination findings at presentation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All 12 dogs underwent CT. The CMPA was located within the mediastinal serous cavity in 7 of 12 dogs. Communication between the CMPA and the lumen of the esophagus was noted in 3 dogs, all of which had associated esophageal foreign bodies. Ten dogs underwent surgical treatment, which involved drainage (n = 8) and debridement (7) of the abscess, combined with antimicrobial therapy. All dogs who survived surgery were discharged from the hospital. No recurrence was identified in dogs with available long-term follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In dogs, CMPA is associated with nonspecific clinical signs, and CT is the imaging modality of choice for diagnosis. Treatment, including surgical drainage, debridement, and appropriate antimicrobial therapy, is associated with a favorable prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.26.05.0227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T12:53:30Z","timestamp":1787835210000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of caudal mediastinal paraesophageal abscesses in dogs: a multi-institutional retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.2460","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7897-8388","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kathryn","family":"Biehl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel W.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Orr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelley","family":"Thieman Mankin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hunter","family":"Piegols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Ohio State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordyn","family":"Blew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Holt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4202-8701","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Francesca P.","family":"Solari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico R.","family":"Vilaplana Grosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"B1","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","first-page":"169","article-title":"The pathogenesis of paraesophageal empyema in dogs and constancy of radiographic and computed tomography signs are linked to involvement of the mediastinal serous cavity","volume":"59","author":"Gendron K","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gendron K, McDonough SP, Flanders JA, Tse M, Scrivani PV. 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