{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:04:12Z","timestamp":1790874252408,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe epidural injection for neuropathic pain in dogs and cats and report outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medical records of patients presented to an academic pain medicine service from 2015 through 2026 with clinical signs of neuropathic pain and a somatosensory nervous system lesion or disease that underwent epidural injection after failing treatment with at least 2 oral analgesics were reviewed; incomplete records were excluded. Six animals met these criteria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>4 domestic shorthair cats and 2 dogs (Dalmatian and mixed-breed) presented with neuropathic pain beginning after amputation (2 cats), blunt force trauma (1 cat, 1 dog), hemilaminectomy (1 dog), or parturition (1 cat). Abnormalities included paroxysmal, spontaneous self-mutilation, body-focused repetitive behavior, panic, and\/or vocalization; signs of allodynia; teeth chattering; tail and skin twitching; abnormal posture or gait; and\/or inability to perform normal activities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MRI was not performed in feline amputees but showed intervertebral disk disease in 2 cats and the Dalmatian and sciatic nerve neoplasia in the mixed breed. At least 1 epidural injection containing triamcinolone (0.1 to 0.5 mg\/kg) and 0.125% to 0.250% bupivacaine or ropivacaine (with or without other analgesics) was performed. In 1 feline amputee, 1 injection was curative. In the other cats, injection mitigated or eliminated pain for a median of 6 months (range, 0.25 to 8); in 2 cats, repeat injections lasted 5 and 2.5 months. In the Dalmatian and mixed breed, initial and repeat injections lasted 6 and 3 weeks and 4 and 2 weeks, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Epidural analgesia may relieve neuropathic pain when oral analgesics fail.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.26.05.0237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T13:17:25Z","timestamp":1784553445000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Epidural analgesia reduces or eliminates neuropathic pain refractory to oral medications in dogs and cats for weeks to months"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Olivia","family":"Bergstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"},{"name":"Contributed equally to this work."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2032-1202","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jordyn M.","family":"Boesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"},{"name":"Comparative Pain Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"},{"name":"Contributed equally to this work."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander C. S.","family":"Thomson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"},{"name":"Comparative Pain Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2396-1694","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amy","family":"Todd-Donato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"B1","year":"2026","unstructured":"Terminology. International Association for the Study of Pain. 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