{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T13:28:53Z","timestamp":1789046933731,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To define the metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ) anatomy and its relationships to surrounding structures, relevant to dorsal and palmar arthroscopic approaches, and guide technique development in the camel (\n                      <jats:italic>Camelus dromedarius<\/jats:italic>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dromedary camel cadaver front limbs were collected from either a slaughterhouse or euthanized individuals for this experimental ex vivo study, excluding those with clinically visible MCPJ pathology. Computed tomography and MRI were conducted on 2 MCPJs to determine relationships with surrounding structures and the extent of their synovial cavity following distension. Dorsal and palmar arthroscopic approaches were performed on 16 MCPJs, after which dissection objectified iatrogenic damage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>8 front limbs were collected. Advanced imaging allowed depiction of all joint particularities, including the prominent dorsal synovial plica, the dorsally flattened metacarpal condyles, and the complete separation of the adjacent MCPJs. Arthroscopic exploration of the dorsal aspect of the MCPJ allowed examination of the articular cartilage (including weight-bearing surfaces) of both distal metacarpus and proximal P1 and access to those areas. Palmar exploration and instrument access to the axial aspect were limited by the available space and shape of the articular surfaces of the sesamoid bone and the sagittal ridge of metacarpus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MRI and CT studies improved surgical planning and helped with prediction of the limitations of palmar arthroscopic exploration, including the distal aspect of the joint space and access to the axial sesamoid bone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diagnostic and therapeutic arthroscopy of the MCPJ should advance the understanding and treatment of conditions of this joint in the camel.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.26.06.0241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T12:34:46Z","timestamp":1789043686000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Arthroscopic approach and intra-articular anatomy of the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) metacarpophalangeal joint"],"prefix":"10.2460","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5386-2171","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Morgane A.","family":"Schambourg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement De Sciences Cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire, Universit\u00e9 De Montr\u00e9al, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hatem A.","family":"El Meligy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sweihan Camel Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvain","family":"Nichols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement De Sciences Cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire, Universit\u00e9 De Montr\u00e9al, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Olive","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement De Sciences Cliniques, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire, Universit\u00e9 De Montr\u00e9al, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"J Camel Pract Res","first-page":"145","article-title":"Foot disorders in camels (Camelus dromedarius)","author":"Singh G","year":"1997","unstructured":"Singh G, Gahlot TK. Foot disorders in camels (Camelus dromedarius). J Camel Pract Res. 1997;4:145\u2013154."},{"issue":"2","key":"B2","series-title":"J Camel Pract Res","first-page":"197","article-title":"Gross anatomy of the ligaments of fetlock joint in dromedary camel","volume":"18","author":"Nourinezhad J","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nourinezhad J, Mazaheri Y, Mahabady MK. Gross anatomy of the ligaments of fetlock joint in dromedary camel. J Camel Pract Res. 2011;18(2):197\u2013202."},{"issue":"1","key":"B3","series-title":"J Vertebr Paleontol","first-page":"110","article-title":"Locomotor evolution in camels revisited: a quantitative analysis of pedal anatomy and the acquisition of the pacing gait","volume":"22","author":"Janis CM","year":"2002","unstructured":"Janis CM, Theodor JM, Boisvert B. Locomotor evolution in camels revisited: a quantitative analysis of pedal anatomy and the acquisition of the pacing gait. J Vertebr Paleontol. 2002;22(1):110\u2013121. doi:10.1671\/0272-4634(2002)022[0110:LEICRA]2.0.CO;2"},{"issue":"4","key":"B4","series-title":"Animal","first-page":"101467","article-title":"Genomic insights into racing camels: inbreeding levels and positive selection linked to athletic traits","volume":"19","author":"Bahbahani H","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bahbahani H, Mohammad Z, Alfoudari A, Al Abri M. Genomic insights into racing camels: inbreeding levels and positive selection linked to athletic traits. Animal. 2025;19(4):101467. doi:10.1016\/j.animal.2025.101467"},{"issue":"5","key":"B5","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"1","article-title":"Scientific presentation abstracts: 2018 European College Veterinary Surgeons annual scientific meeting, July 4-6, 2018 - Athens, Greece","volume":"47","author":"Schambourg M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schambourg M. 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