{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T16:38:18Z","timestamp":1786639098022,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess longitudinal stability of targeted quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based fecal microbial and metabolomic markers in healthy puppies from 8 weeks to 1 year of age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted at the Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland, from August 2023 to January 2025. Clinically healthy client-owned puppies were sampled at 8 to 12 weeks, 16 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year. Eligible dogs had no gastrointestinal signs, no previous systemic antibiotics, and negative parasitology. Primary outcomes were the qPCR-based dysbiosis index, selected qPCR-targeted bacterial taxa, fecal bile acids, long-chain fatty acids, and sterols, quantified by mass spectrometry. Mixed-effects models assessed time point associations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      23 dogs contributed 62 fecal samples. Dysbiosis index values and most targeted bacterial taxa remained within reference intervals, with no significant longitudinal changes.\n                      <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp abundance was lower at 8 to12 weeks than at 6 months (difference, \u22120.73 logDNA copies\/g feces; 95% CI, \u22121.40 to \u22120.06; Tukey-adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .028). Secondary unconjugated bile acids dominated at all ages. The concentration of 12-oxo-lithocholic acid was lower at 16 weeks than at 1 year (ratio, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.14 to 0.79; Tukey-adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .007) but not after multiple-testing adjustment. Long-chain fatty acid and sterol profiles showed no age-related changes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The qPCR-based dysbiosis index and targeted microbial and metabolomic markers were largely stable from 8 weeks to 1 year, supporting early functional maturation of measured markers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings establish age-specific baseline information for fecal bacterial and metabolite markers, supporting interpretation in young dogs with gastrointestinal disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.26.06.0245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T16:04:13Z","timestamp":1786637053000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Targeted quantitative polymerase chain reaction\u2013based bacterial and fecal metabolite markers show early stability in healthy puppies after 8 weeks of age"],"prefix":"10.2460","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9928-4639","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dajana","family":"Birk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0206-0872","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anna-Karina","family":"Weidinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2605-4202","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Teresa","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4341-0850","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sophie","family":"Bachmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2106-7224","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Irina","family":"Spring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6720-8055","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sandra","family":"Felten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0304-7647","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sol\u00e8ne M.","family":"Meunier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0866-6662","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amanda B.","family":"Blake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, 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