{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T20:49:11Z","timestamp":1791492551349,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether kinetin (Kn) attenuates D-galactose\u2013induced thymic lymphocyte dysfunction in rats and to evaluate changes in mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis-regulatory gene expression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>50 healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to 5 groups (n = 10\/group): control, D-galactose model, and D-galactose plus Kn at 5, 10, or 20 mg\/kg. D-galactose (125 mg\/kg) was administered once daily for 45 days, and Kn was administered IP once daily from days 11 through 45. Thymic lymphocyte proliferation was assessed by thiazolyl blue assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide [MTT] assay), mitochondrial membrane potential by JC-1 staining, and Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA expression by semiquantitative reverse transcription PCR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>D-galactose decreased thymic lymphocyte stimulation indices and the JC-1 red-to-green fluorescence ratio and was associated with decreased Bcl-2 and increased Bax mRNA expression. Kinetin increased mitogen-induced stimulation indices, improved the JC-1 red-to-green fluorescence ratio, increased Bcl-2 expression, and decreased Bax expression compared with the D-galactose model group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Kinetin partially reversed D-galactose\u2013induced impairment of thymic lymphocyte proliferation and shifted mitochondrial apoptosis-related markers toward a less proapoptotic profile.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Kinetin may mitigate experimental thymic immune aging by preserving mitochondrial function and regulating apoptosis-related gene expression, supporting further veterinary geroscience studies of immune aging interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.26.06.0259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T19:55:04Z","timestamp":1791489304000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of kinetin on thymic lymphocyte proliferation, mitochondrial membrane potential, and apoptosis-regulatory gene expression in D-galactose\u2013induced aging rats"],"prefix":"10.2460","author":[{"given":"Mengyun","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengyun","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lifang","family":"Si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wuqing","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"B1","series-title":"Gut Microbes","first-page":"2679497","article-title":"Diet and microbiome shape small-molecule cytokinin pools in mammals","volume":"18","author":"Othman EM","year":"2026","unstructured":"Othman EM, Bencurova E, Ferretti P, et al. 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