{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T16:35:42Z","timestamp":1787330142571,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To characterize total T\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      concentrations and support clinical interpretation of T\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      measurements in African pygmy hedgehogs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This retrospective, observational study evaluated T\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      concentrations in hedgehogs presented to a primarily first-opinion exotic animal practice from October 2023 through November 2025. Thyroxine concentrations were measured using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA)-based point-of-care analyzer. A clinically screened subgroup (n = 15) was defined using clinical, imaging, and laboratory criteria to characterize the observed T\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      range. Exploratory subgroup comparisons were performed to evaluate associations between T\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      concentrations and predefined clinicopathologic categories. A subset of samples was additionally analyzed using a chemiluminescent EIA (CLEIA)-based system to assess agreement between the EIA and CLEIA methods.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      68 hedgehogs were included. The observed T\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      range in the clinically screened subgroup measured using the EIA analyzer was 0.9 to 4.4 \u03bcg\/dL. Eighteen animals had T\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      concentrations exceeding the highest observed value in the clinically screened subgroup. No significant associations were identified between circulating T\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      concentrations and predefined clinicopathologic categories. Agreement between EIA and CLEIA measurements was high (intraclass correlation coefficient [3, 1], 0.920; 95% CI, 0.848 to 0.959), although proportional bias was observed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Interpretation of altered T\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      concentrations in hedgehogs remains complex.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      T\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      measurement using an EIA analyzer may be clinically useful in hedgehogs; however, high T\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      concentrations should be interpreted cautiously in conjunction with clinical findings and concurrent disease because altered T\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      concentrations may reflect diverse clinical conditions rather than primary thyroid disease alone.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.26.06.0264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T15:48:37Z","timestamp":1787327317000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Point-of-care measurement of total thyroxine in African pygmy hedgehogs may be clinically useful, although interpretation remains complex"],"prefix":"10.2460","author":[{"given":"Iori","family":"Koizumi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Koizumi Nest Animal Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirotaka","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"B1","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract","first-page":"615","article-title":"Geriatric hedgehogs","volume":"23","author":"Johnson DH","year":"2020","unstructured":"Johnson DH. 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