{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T20:46:13Z","timestamp":1792615573118,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the efficacy of 2 mg\/kg sugammadex in reversing moderate rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade (NMB) in dogs, focusing on recovery time and recurarization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this prospective, nonrandomized, unblinded experimental study, 12 healthy adult mixed-breed dogs were evaluated before elective surgery and assigned to a control group (spontaneous recovery; n = 6) or a reversal group (2 mg\/kg sugammadex; n = 6). Anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane without premedication. Neuromuscular function was monitored using train-of-four (TOF) acceleromyography. Moderate NMB was defined as TOF count 1 to 3, and complete NMB recovery was defined as a normalized TOF ratio (TOFR; measured TOFR\/baseline TOFR) \u2265 0.9. Rocuronium (0.6 mg\/kg IV) was administered, followed in the reversal group by sugammadex (2 mg\/kg IV) at first-twitch (T1) reappearance. Dogs in the reversal group were monitored for 60 minutes after complete NMB recovery. Recovery time was defined as T1 reappearance to normalized TOFR \u2265 0.9; recurarization was defined as a subsequent decrease in normalized TOFR to &lt; 0.9 after complete NMB recovery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recovery time was significantly shorter in the reversal group (median [range], 1.3 [0.8 to 3.0] minutes) than in the control group (18.6 [12.3 to 35.5] minutes). No recurarization was observed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sugammadex at 2 mg\/kg provided rapid reversal of moderate rocuronium-induced NMB in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs. No recurarization was observed during the 60-minute monitoring period after complete NMB recovery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sugammadex at 2 mg\/kg may be considered for reversal of moderate rocuronium-induced NMB at T1 reappearance in dogs. However, objective neuromuscular monitoring remains essential to guide reversal decisions and confirm neuromuscular recovery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.26.07.0288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T20:03:03Z","timestamp":1792612983000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sugammadex at 2 mg\/kg provides rapid and sustained reversal of moderate rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9545-531X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rai-Ning","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsien-Chi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao-Chin","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1219-9709","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"I-Ying","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"B1","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","first-page":"251","article-title":"Use of rocuronium administered by continuous infusion in dogs","volume":"34","author":"Alderson B","year":"2007","unstructured":"Alderson B, Mark Senior J, Jones RS, Dugdale AH. 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