{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T14:15:02Z","timestamp":1788185702097,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p content-type=\"noindent\">To evaluate natural, environmentally safe alternatives for controlling hard ticks in response to emerging resistance against commonly used acaricides.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p content-type=\"noindent\">\n                      <jats:italic>Punica granatum<\/jats:italic>\n                      peel ethanolic extract (PPE) was prepared and then chemically characterized using liquid chromatography\u2013electrospray ionization\u2013tandem mass spectrometry. The adult immersion test was used to evaluate the in vitro anti-tick activity of PPE at the concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg\/mL. The effect of PPE on tick counts and antioxidant activity in artificially infested dogs was assessed for 7 days after application.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p content-type=\"noindent\">\n                      Chromatographic analysis detected 8\n                      <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\n                      -glycosylated flavonoids as well as catechin, apigenin, luteolin, and procyanidin. In vitro, immersing adult ticks in 35 mg\/mL PPE for 5 min resulted in 50% mortality after 6 hours (LC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      ). In the in vivo trial, tick-infested dogs sprayed with PPE (35 mg\/mL) had significantly lower tick counts than untreated infested controls on days 2, 4, and 7 after treatment, with the maximum count reduction on day 7 (4.67 \u00b1 1.53 in treated dogs vs 81.7 \u00b1 5.0 in controls). In vivo results showed that PPE treatment improved antioxidant activity in tick-infested dogs, increasing glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase levels while decreasing malondialdehyde.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p content-type=\"noindent\">In vivo results showed that PPE treatment improved antioxidant activity in tick-infested dogs, increasing glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase levels while decreasing malondialdehyde.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p content-type=\"noindent\">This study is the first to show the acaricidal activity of PPE against tick species. The results suggest the potential of this botanical byproduct as an alternative to chemical acaricides for tick control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.26.07.0295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T13:29:12Z","timestamp":1788182952000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Punica granatum peel ethanolic extract exhibits acaricidal activity against Rhipicephalus sanguineus: in vitro and in vivo study"],"prefix":"10.2460","author":[{"given":"Eman M.","family":"Abouelhassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doaa S.","family":"Farid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, Arish, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman A.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walaa I.","family":"Mohamaden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nahla H.","family":"Sallam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7312-3413","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sherief M.","family":"Abdel-Raheem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elsayed S. I.","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avian and Fish Resources Research Center, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar A.","family":"Al-Jabr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed A.","family":"Abdel-Ghani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faleh A.","family":"Ameen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agribusiness and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alhosein","family":"Hamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asmaa M. I.","family":"Abuzeid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Parasit Vectors","first-page":"295","article-title":"Acaricidal activity of ethanolic extract from aerial parts of Tagetes patula L. (Asteraceae) against larvae and engorged adult females of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806)","volume":"5","author":"Politi FAS","year":"2012","unstructured":"Politi FAS, Figueira GM, Ara\u00fajo AM, et al. Acaricidal activity of ethanolic extract from aerial parts of Tagetes patula L. (Asteraceae) against larvae and engorged adult females of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806). Parasit Vectors. 2012;5:295. doi:10.1186\/1756-3305-5-295"},{"key":"B2","series-title":"Front Trop Dis.","first-page":"1597236","article-title":"Ticks and tickborne diseases in Global South countries: impact and implications of environmental changes","volume":"6","author":"Shahzad S","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shahzad S, Akinsulie OC, Idris I, et al. Ticks and tickborne diseases in Global South countries: impact and implications of environmental changes. Front Trop Dis. 2025;6:1597236. doi:10.3389\/fitd.2025.1597236"},{"issue":"10","key":"B3","series-title":"Trends Parasitol.","first-page":"437","article-title":"Ticks and tick-borne diseases: a One Health perspective","volume":"28","author":"Dantas-Torres F","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dantas-Torres F, Chomel BB, Otranto D. Ticks and tick-borne diseases: a One Health perspective. Trends Parasitol. 2012;28(10):437\u2013446. doi:10.1016\/j.pt.2012.07.003"},{"issue":"6","key":"B4","series-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis.","first-page":"102050","article-title":"Diversity and geographic distribution of rickettsial agents identified in brown dog ticks from across the United States","volume":"13","author":"Lineberry MW","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lineberry MW, Grant AN, Sundstrom KD, Little SE, Allen KE. Diversity and geographic distribution of rickettsial agents identified in brown dog ticks from across the United States. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2022;13(6):102050. doi:10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.102050"},{"key":"B5","series-title":"Acta Trop.","first-page":"107697","article-title":"Coxiella burnetii detected in Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks collected in Portuguese autochthonous livestock","volume":"268","author":"Gomes-Gon\u00e7alves S","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gomes-Gon\u00e7alves S, Mesquita JR, Ruano ZM, Barradas PF. Coxiella burnetii detected in Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks collected in Portuguese autochthonous livestock. Acta Trop. 2025;268:107697. doi:10.1016\/j.actatropica.2025.107697"},{"key":"B6","series-title":"Rev Bras Parasitol Vet.","first-page":"151","article-title":"Ectoparasitos de c\u00e3es provenientes de alguns munic\u00edpios da regi\u00e3o metropolitana do Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil","volume":"13","author":"Dantas-Torres F","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dantas-Torres F, Figueredo L, Faustino MG. Ectoparasitos de c\u00e3es provenientes de alguns munic\u00edpios da regi\u00e3o metropolitana do Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet. 2004;13:151\u2013154."},{"issue":"4","key":"B7","series-title":"Eur J Biol Sci.","first-page":"86","article-title":"Review on acaricide resistant bovine ticks and alternative solutions","volume":"10","author":"Abebe D","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abebe D, Kebede A. Review on acaricide resistant bovine ticks and alternative solutions. Eur J Biol Sci. 2018;10(4):86\u201394. doi:10.5829\/idosi.ejbs.2018.86.94"},{"issue":"2","key":"B8","series-title":"Entomol Appl Sci Lett.","first-page":"58","article-title":"Synthetic acaricides as a promising tool in tick control program-the present scenario","volume":"7","author":"Reshma KR","year":"2020","unstructured":"Reshma KR, Prakasan K. Synthetic acaricides as a promising tool in tick control program-the present scenario. Entomol Appl Sci Lett. 2020;7(2):58\u201369."},{"key":"B9","series-title":"Front Public Health.","first-page":"239","article-title":"Experiences in tick control by acaricide in the traditional cattle sector in Zambia and Burkina Faso: possible environmental and public health implications","volume":"4","author":"De Meneghi D","year":"2016","unstructured":"De Meneghi D, Stachurski F, Adakal H. Experiences in tick control by acaricide in the traditional cattle sector in Zambia and Burkina Faso: possible environmental and public health implications. Front Public Health. 2016;4:239. doi:10.3389\/fpubh.2016.00239"},{"issue":"4","key":"B10","series-title":"Vet Ital.","article-title":"Drivers and evolution of acaricide resistance and multi-resistance in two Ecuador\u2019s subtropical livestock farming areas","volume":"60","author":"P\u00e9rez-Ot\u00e1\u00f1ez X","year":"2024","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Ot\u00e1\u00f1ez X, Paucar-Quishpe V, Saegerman C, et al. Drivers and evolution of acaricide resistance and multi-resistance in two Ecuador\u2019s subtropical livestock farming areas. Vet Ital. 2024;60(4). doi:10.12834\/VetIt.3471.23969.2"},{"key":"B11","series-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol.","first-page":"941831","article-title":"Acaricides resistance in ticks: selection, diagnosis, mechanisms, and mitigation","volume":"12","author":"Obaid M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Obaid M, Islam N, Alouffi A, et al. Acaricides resistance in ticks: selection, diagnosis, mechanisms, and mitigation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022;12:941831. doi:10.3389\/fcimb.2022.941831"},{"issue":"10","key":"B12","series-title":"PLoS One.","first-page":"e0333694","article-title":"From protection to pollution: evaluating environmental and human health risks of acaricide use in dairy farming in Kenya","volume":"20","author":"Maina KW","year":"2025","unstructured":"Maina KW, Parlasca MC, Rao EE. From protection to pollution: evaluating environmental and human health risks of acaricide use in dairy farming in Kenya. PLoS One. 2025;20(10):e0333694. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0333694"},{"issue":"2","key":"B13","series-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis.","first-page":"102309","article-title":"In vitro acaricidal activity of essential oils and their binary mixtures against Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae)","volume":"15","author":"Anholeto LA","year":"2024","unstructured":"Anholeto LA, Blanchard S, Wang HV, Chagas ACS, Hillier NK, Faraone N. In vitro acaricidal activity of essential oils and their binary mixtures against Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae). Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2024;15(2):102309. doi:10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2024.102309"},{"issue":"2","key":"B14","series-title":"Acta Parasitol.","first-page":"1231","article-title":"Acaricidal efficacy of thirty-five Egyptian plants against the camel tick, Hyalomma dromedarii","volume":"69","author":"Khater HF","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khater HF, Bazh EKA, Gawad SA, et al. Acaricidal efficacy of thirty-five Egyptian plants against the camel tick, Hyalomma dromedarii. Acta Parasitol. 2024;69(2):1231\u20131243. doi:10.1007\/s11686-024-00801-6"},{"issue":"2","key":"B15","series-title":"J Asia Pac Entomol.","first-page":"102231","article-title":"Evaluation of the acaricide activity of extracts from eight species of medicinal plants on larvae of Hyalomma anatolicum (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks","volume":"27","author":"Noaman V","year":"2024","unstructured":"Noaman V, Bahreininejad B. Evaluation of the acaricide activity of extracts from eight species of medicinal plants on larvae of Hyalomma anatolicum (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks. J Asia Pac Entomol. 2024;27(2):102231. doi:10.1016\/j.aspen.2024.102231"},{"issue":"1","key":"B16","series-title":"Exp Appl Acarol.","first-page":"113","article-title":"Acaricidal activity of the hexanic and hydroethanolic extracts of three medicinal plants against southern cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)","volume":"85","author":"Bravo-Ramos JL","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bravo-Ramos JL, Flores-Primo A, Paniagua-Vega D, S\u00e1nchez-Otero MG, Cruz-Romero A, Romero-Salas D. Acaricidal activity of the hexanic and hydroethanolic extracts of three medicinal plants against southern cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). Exp Appl Acarol. 2021;85(1):113\u2013129. doi:10.1007\/s10493-021-00654-y"},{"issue":"4","key":"B17","series-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis.","first-page":"101705","article-title":"Exposure of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato Latreille, 1806 (Acari: Ixodidae) to hexane extract of Acmella oleracea (jambu): semi-engorged and engorged ticks","volume":"12","author":"de Oliveira PR","year":"2021","unstructured":"de Oliveira PR, Santos Monteiro OD, da Rocha CQ, et al. Exposure of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato Latreille, 1806 (Acari: Ixodidae) to hexane extract of Acmella oleracea (jambu): semi-engorged and engorged ticks. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2021;12(4):101705. doi:10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2021.101705"},{"key":"B18","series-title":"Parasitol Res.","first-page":"295","article-title":"In vitro efficacy of plant extracts and synthesized substances on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)","volume":"110","author":"de Souza Chagas AC","year":"2012","unstructured":"de Souza Chagas AC, de Barros LD, Cotinguiba F, et al. In vitro efficacy of plant extracts and synthesized substances on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). Parasitol Res. 2012;110:295\u2013303. doi:10.1007\/s00436-011-2488-z"},{"issue":"1","key":"B19","series-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Biomed","first-page":"59","article-title":"In vivo study of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract efficacy against Giardia lamblia in infected experimental mice","volume":"7","author":"Al-Megrin WA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Al-Megrin WA. In vivo study of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract efficacy against Giardia lamblia in infected experimental mice. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2017;7(1):59\u201363. doi:10.1016\/j.apjtb.2016.08.018"},{"key":"B20","series-title":"J Ethnopharmacol.","first-page":"118243","article-title":"The power of Punica granatum: a natural remedy for oxidative stress and inflammation; a narrative review","volume":"330","author":"Moradnia M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Moradnia M, Mohammadkhani N, Azizi B, et al. The power of Punica granatum: a natural remedy for oxidative stress and inflammation; a narrative review. J Ethnopharmacol. 2024;330:118243. doi:10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118243"},{"issue":"4","key":"B21","series-title":"Aust J Basic Appl Sci.","first-page":"4634","article-title":"Potential antiparasitic activity of pomegranate extracts against schistosomules and mature worms of Schistosoma mansoni: in vitro and in vivo study","volume":"3","author":"Fahmy ZH","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fahmy ZH, El-Shennawy AM, El-Komy W, Ali E, Abdel Hamid SS. Potential antiparasitic activity of pomegranate extracts against schistosomules and mature worms of Schistosoma mansoni: in vitro and in vivo study. Aust J Basic Appl Sci. 2009;3(4):4634\u20134643."},{"issue":"12","key":"B22","series-title":"Microsc Res Tech.","first-page":"1655","article-title":"In vitro studies for antiparasitic activities of Punica granatum extract","volume":"86","author":"Al-Shaebi EM","year":"2023","unstructured":"Al-Shaebi EM, Al-Quraishy S, Maodaa SN, Abdel-Gaber R. In vitro studies for antiparasitic activities of Punica granatum extract. Microsc Res Tech. 2023;86(12):1655\u20131666. doi:10.1002\/jemt.24401"},{"issue":"11","key":"B23","series-title":"Parasitol Res.","first-page":"3883","article-title":"Anthelmintic activity of pomegranate peel extract (Punica granatum) and synthetic anthelmintics against gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle, sheep, goats, and buffalos: in vivo study","volume":"120","author":"Kaiaty AM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kaiaty AM, Salib FA, El-Gameel SM, Hussein AH, Kamel MS. Anthelmintic activity of pomegranate peel extract (Punica granatum) and synthetic anthelmintics against gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle, sheep, goats, and buffalos: in vivo study. Parasitol Res. 2021;120(11):3883\u20133893. doi:10.1007\/s00436-021-07311-8"},{"issue":"1","key":"B24","series-title":"Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia.","first-page":"103","article-title":"Efficacy of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract against Hymenolepis nana in infections mice","volume":"13","author":"Al-Megrin WA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Al-Megrin WA. Efficacy of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract against Hymenolepis nana in infections mice. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia. 2016;13(1):103\u2013108. doi:10.13005\/bbra\/2010"},{"issue":"4","key":"B25","series-title":"Exp Parasitol.","first-page":"350","article-title":"Pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel is effective in a murine model of experimental Cryptosporidium parvum","volume":"131","author":"Al-Mathal EM","year":"2012","unstructured":"Al-Mathal EM, Alsalem AM. Pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel is effective in a murine model of experimental Cryptosporidium parvum. Exp Parasitol. 2012;131(4):350\u2013357. doi:10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.04.021"},{"issue":"13","key":"B26","series-title":"Plants.","first-page":"1740","article-title":"Physical characteristics, mineral content, and antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Punica granatum or Citrus sinensis peel extracts and their applications to improve cake quality","volume":"11","author":"El-Beltagi HS","year":"2022","unstructured":"El-Beltagi HS, Eshak NS, Mohamed HI, Bendary ESA, Danial AW. Physical characteristics, mineral content, and antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Punica granatum or Citrus sinensis peel extracts and their applications to improve cake quality. Plants. 2022;11(13):1740. doi:10.3390\/plants11131740"},{"key":"B27","series-title":"Biomed Pharmacother.","first-page":"113763","article-title":"Antibacterial activity and wound healing potential of Cycas thouarsii R.Br n-butanol fraction in diabetic rats supported with phytochemical profiling","volume":"155","author":"Binsuwaidan R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Binsuwaidan R, Elekhnawy E, Elseady WS, et al. Antibacterial activity and wound healing potential of Cycas thouarsii R.Br n-butanol fraction in diabetic rats supported with phytochemical profiling. Biomed Pharmacother. 2022;155:113763. doi:10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113763"},{"issue":"6","key":"B28","series-title":"Nat Methods.","first-page":"523","article-title":"MS-DIAL: data-independent MS\/MS deconvolution for comprehensive metabolome analysis","volume":"12","author":"Tsugawa H","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tsugawa H, Cajka T, Kind T, et al. MS-DIAL: data-independent MS\/MS deconvolution for comprehensive metabolome analysis. Nat Methods. 2015;12(6):523\u2013526. doi:10.1038\/nmeth.3393"},{"key":"B29","series-title":"J Egypt Public Health Assoc.","first-page":"51","article-title":"The ticks (Ixodoidea) of Egypt: a brief review and keys","volume":"33","author":"Hoogsteaal H","year":"1958","unstructured":"Hoogsteaal H, Kaiser MN. The ticks (Ixodoidea) of Egypt: a brief review and keys. J Egypt Public Health Assoc. 1958;33:51\u201385."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"B30","series-title":"Vet Parasitol.","first-page":"173","article-title":"The brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae): from taxonomy to control","volume":"152","author":"Dantas-Torres F","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dantas-Torres F. The brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae): from taxonomy to control. Vet Parasitol. 2008;152(3\u20134):173\u2013185. doi:10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.12.030"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"B31","series-title":"Vet Parasitol.","first-page":"431","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo acaricidal activity of a herbal extract","volume":"186","author":"Zaman MA","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zaman MA, Iqbal Z, Abbas RZ, et al. In vitro and in vivo acaricidal activity of a herbal extract. Vet Parasitol. 2012;186(3\u20134):431\u2013436. doi:10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.11.018"},{"issue":"5","key":"B32","series-title":"J Adv Vet Res.","first-page":"827","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the efficacy of poxim and deltamethrin against life stages of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (brown dog tick)","volume":"13","author":"Abdel Aziz AA","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abdel Aziz AA, Abdelfattah AM, Khalil WF, Mahmoud AE, Abouelhassan E. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the efficacy of poxim and deltamethrin against life stages of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (brown dog tick). J Adv Vet Res. 2023;13(5):827\u2013832."},{"issue":"1","key":"B33","series-title":"Parasit Vectors.","first-page":"448","article-title":"Laboratory evaluation of the efficacy of lotilaner (Credelio) against Haemaphysalis longicornis infestations of dogs","volume":"11","author":"Otaki H","year":"2018","unstructured":"Otaki H, Sonobe J, Murphy M, et al. Laboratory evaluation of the efficacy of lotilaner (Credelio) against Haemaphysalis longicornis infestations of dogs. Parasit Vectors. 2018;11(1):448. doi:10.1186\/s13071-018-3032-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"B34","series-title":"Parasit Vectors.","first-page":"527","article-title":"Laboratory evaluations of the immediate and sustained effectiveness of lotilaner (Credelio) against three common species of ticks affecting dogs in Europe","volume":"10","author":"Cavalleri D","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cavalleri D, Murphy M, Gorbea RL, Seewald W, Drake J, Nanchen S. Laboratory evaluations of the immediate and sustained effectiveness of lotilaner (Credelio) against three common species of ticks affecting dogs in Europe. Parasit Vectors. 2017;10(1):527. doi:10.1186\/s13071-017-2477-x"},{"issue":"1","key":"B35","series-title":"Explor Anim Med Res.","first-page":"24","article-title":"Detection of multi-acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)","volume":"9","author":"Singh NK","year":"2019","unstructured":"Singh NK, Jyoti J, Abhijit Nandi AN, Singh H. Detection of multi-acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). Explor Anim Med Res. 2019;9(1):24\u201328."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"B36","series-title":"Vet Parasitol.","first-page":"263","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the activity of pineapple (Ananas comosus) on Haemonchus contortus in Santa In\u00eas sheep","volume":"197","author":"Domingues LF","year":"2013","unstructured":"Domingues LF, Giglioti R, Feitosa KA, et al. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the activity of pineapple (Ananas comosus) on Haemonchus contortus in Santa In\u00eas sheep. Vet Parasitol. 2013;197(1\u20132):263\u2013270. doi:10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.04.031"},{"issue":"3","key":"B37","series-title":"J Pharm Biomed Anal.","first-page":"639","article-title":"Catechin derivatives in Jatropha macrantha stems: characterisation and LC\/ESI\/MS\/MS quali-quantitative analysis","volume":"40","author":"Benavides A","year":"2006","unstructured":"Benavides A, Montoro P, Bassarello C, Piacente S, Pizza C. Catechin derivatives in Jatropha macrantha stems: characterisation and LC\/ESI\/MS\/MS quali-quantitative analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2006;40(3):639\u2013647. doi:10.1016\/j.jpba.2005.10.004"},{"issue":"5","key":"B38","series-title":"Phytochem Anal","first-page":"193","article-title":"Mass spectrometry of underivatized naturally occurring glycosides","volume":"3","author":"Wolfender JL","year":"1992","unstructured":"Wolfender JL, Maillard M, Marston A, Hostettmann K. Mass spectrometry of underivatized naturally occurring glycosides. Phytochem Anal. 1992;3(5):193\u2013214. doi:10.1002\/pca.2800030502"},{"issue":"4","key":"B39","series-title":"Pharmaceutics.","first-page":"458","article-title":"Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) extracts and their effects on healthy and diseased skin","volume":"16","author":"Dimitrijevic J","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dimitrijevic J, Tomovic M, Bradic J, et al. Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) extracts and their effects on healthy and diseased skin. Pharmaceutics. 2024;16(4):458. doi:10.3390\/pharmaceutics16040458"},{"issue":"2","key":"B40","series-title":"Recent Adv Food Nutr Agric.","first-page":"103","article-title":"Punica granatum peel waste-an underutilized substrate of therapeutic potential: an overview","volume":"13","author":"Noor U","year":"2022","unstructured":"Noor U, Soni S, Gupta E. Punica granatum peel waste-an underutilized substrate of therapeutic potential: an overview. Recent Adv Food Nutr Agric. 2022;13(2):103\u2013119. doi:10.2174\/2772574X14666221124163344"},{"issue":"6","key":"B41","series-title":"Antioxidants.","first-page":"1152","article-title":"Punica granatum L. extract shows cardioprotective effects measured by oxidative stress markers and biomarkers of heart failure in an animal model of metabolic syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Niewiadomska J","year":"2023","unstructured":"Niewiadomska J, Kasztura M, Janus I, et al. Punica granatum L. extract shows cardioprotective effects measured by oxidative stress markers and biomarkers of heart failure in an animal model of metabolic syndrome. Antioxidants. 2023;12(6):1152. doi:10.3390\/antiox12061152"},{"issue":"2","key":"B42","series-title":"Food Chem.","first-page":"254","article-title":"Evaluation of antioxidant properties of pomegranate peel extract in comparison with pomegranate pulp extract","volume":"96","author":"Li Y","year":"2006","unstructured":"Li Y, Guo C, Yang J, Wei J, Xu J, Cheng S. Evaluation of antioxidant properties of pomegranate peel extract in comparison with pomegranate pulp extract. Food Chem. 2006;96(2):254\u2013260. doi:10.1016\/j.foodchem.2005.02.033"},{"key":"B43","series-title":"Adv Tradit Med","first-page":"37","article-title":"A comprehensive review on phytochemistry, bioactivity and medicinal value of bioactive compounds of pomegranate (Punica granatum)","volume":"23","author":"Ranjha MMAN","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ranjha MMAN, Shafique B, Wang L, et al. A comprehensive review on phytochemistry, bioactivity and medicinal value of bioactive compounds of pomegranate (Punica granatum). Adv Tradit Med. 2023;23:37\u201357. doi:10.1007\/s13596-021-00566-7"},{"key":"B44","series-title":"Phytochem Rev.","first-page":"153","article-title":"Phenolic compounds: from plants to foods","volume":"11","author":"Cheynier V","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cheynier V. Phenolic compounds: from plants to foods. Phytochem Rev. 2012;11:153\u2013177. doi:10.1007\/s11101-012-9242-8"},{"key":"B45","series-title":"Annu Rev Nutr.","first-page":"19","article-title":"Dietary flavonoids: bioavailability, metabolic effects, and safety","volume":"22","author":"Ross JA","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ross JA, Kasum CM. Dietary flavonoids: bioavailability, metabolic effects, and safety. Annu Rev Nutr. 2002;22:19\u201334. doi:10.1146\/annurev.nutr.22.111401.144957"},{"issue":"5","key":"B46","series-title":"Ann Intern Med.","first-page":"384","article-title":"Relation between intake of flavonoids and risk for coronary heart disease in male health professionals","volume":"125","author":"Rimm EB","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rimm EB, Katan MB, Ascherio A, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC. Relation between intake of flavonoids and risk for coronary heart disease in male health professionals. Ann Intern Med. 1996;125(5):384\u2013389. doi:10.7326\/0003-4819-125-5-199609010-00005"},{"issue":"3","key":"B47","series-title":"Int J Mol Sci.","first-page":"792","article-title":"Biological activities of stilbenoids","volume":"19","author":"Akinwumi BC","year":"2018","unstructured":"Akinwumi BC, Bordun KM, Anderson HD. Biological activities of stilbenoids. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(3):792. doi:10.3390\/ijms19030792"},{"issue":"2","key":"B48","series-title":"Trop Biomed","first-page":"383","article-title":"Acaricidal activity of flavonoids extract of Borago officinalis L. (Boraginaceae) against brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806)","volume":"35","author":"El Haddad D","year":"2018","unstructured":"El Haddad D, Bitam I, Bouchenak O, et al. Acaricidal activity of flavonoids extract of Borago officinalis L. (Boraginaceae) against brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806). Trop Biomed. 2018;35(2):383\u2013391."},{"issue":"8","key":"B49","series-title":"Molecules.","first-page":"3606","article-title":"Density functional theory calculations and molecular docking analyses of flavonoids for their possible application against the acetylcholinesterase and triose-phosphate isomerase proteins of Rhipicephalus microplus","volume":"28","author":"Malak N","year":"2023","unstructured":"Malak N, Alotaibi BS, Khan A, et al. Density functional theory calculations and molecular docking analyses of flavonoids for their possible application against the acetylcholinesterase and triose-phosphate isomerase proteins of Rhipicephalus microplus. Molecules. 2023;28(8):3606. doi:10.3390\/molecules28083606"},{"issue":"15","key":"B50","series-title":"J Biomol Struct Dyn.","first-page":"6787","article-title":"Homology modeling, docking, molecular dynamics and in vitro studies to identify Rhipicephalus microplus acetylcholinesterase inhibitors","volume":"40","author":"Cerqueira A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cerqueira A, Santana I, Ara\u00fajo J, et al. Homology modeling, docking, molecular dynamics and in vitro studies to identify Rhipicephalus microplus acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2021;40(15):6787\u20136797. doi:10.1080\/07391102.2021.1889666"},{"issue":"2","key":"B51","series-title":"Biol Lett","first-page":"193","article-title":"The role of phenols in the influence of herbal extracts from Salvia officinalis L. and Matricaria chamomilla L. on two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch","volume":"48","author":"Tomczyk A","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tomczyk A, Suszko M. The role of phenols in the influence of herbal extracts from Salvia officinalis L. and Matricaria chamomilla L. on two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch. Biol Lett. 2011;48(2):193. doi:10.2478\/v10120-011-0020-x"},{"issue":"5","key":"B52","series-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis","first-page":"528","article-title":"Inhibition of the recombinant cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus glutathione S-transferase","volume":"5","author":"Guneidy RA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Guneidy RA, Shahein YE, Abouelella AM, Zaki ER, Hamed RR. Inhibition of the recombinant cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus glutathione S-transferase. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2014;5(5):528\u2013536. doi:10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.03.009"},{"issue":"2","key":"B53","series-title":"J Parasit Dis.","first-page":"524","article-title":"Effect of polyphenols extracted from Punica granatum and Acacia saligna plants on glutathione S-transferase of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus (Acari: Ixodidae)","volume":"45","author":"Guneidy RA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guneidy RA, Amer MA, Hakim AEE, Abdel-Shafy S, Allam SA. Effect of polyphenols extracted from Punica granatum and Acacia saligna plants on glutathione S-transferase of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus (Acari: Ixodidae). J Parasit Dis. 2021;45(2):524\u2013538. doi:10.1007\/s12639-020-01323-4"},{"key":"B54","series-title":"Vet Parasitol.","first-page":"66","article-title":"Plant products and secondary metabolites with acaricide activity against ticks","volume":"238","author":"Rosado-Aguilar J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rosado-Aguilar J, Arjona-Cambranes K, Torres-Acosta J, et al. Plant products and secondary metabolites with acaricide activity against ticks. Vet Parasitol. 2017;238:66\u201376. doi:10.1016\/j.vetpar.2017.03.023"},{"issue":"2","key":"B55","series-title":"Neotrop Entomol.","first-page":"205","article-title":"Toxicity of extract of Magonia pubescens (Sapindales: Sapindaceae) St. Hil. to control the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille) (Acari: Ixodidae)","volume":"37","author":"Fernandes FF","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fernandes FF, D\u2019alessandro WB, Freitas EP. Toxicity of extract of Magonia pubescens (Sapindales: Sapindaceae) St. Hil. to control the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille) (Acari: Ixodidae). Neotrop Entomol. 2008;37(2):205\u2013208. doi:10.1590\/S1519-566X2008000200016"},{"key":"B56","series-title":"Physiology of Ticks: Current Themes in Tropical Science.","author":"Obenchain FD","year":"1983","unstructured":"Obenchain FD, Galun R. Physiology of Ticks: Current Themes in Tropical Science. 1st ed. Pergamon Press; 1983."},{"issue":"2","key":"B57","series-title":"Int J Biosci Biochem","first-page":"25","article-title":"Insecticidal effects from ethanol extracts of root peel, stem peel, and fruit peel of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) on house dust mite","volume":"7","author":"Jung JS","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jung JS. Insecticidal effects from ethanol extracts of root peel, stem peel, and fruit peel of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) on house dust mite. Int J Biosci Biochem. 2015;7(2):25\u201336. doi:10.14257\/ijbsbt.2015.7.2.03"},{"issue":"2","key":"B58","series-title":"Egyptian J Desert Res.","first-page":"419","article-title":"Effect of pomegranate peel extract (Punica granatum) against plant parasitic nematodes","volume":"74","author":"AbdelRazek GM","year":"2024","unstructured":"AbdelRazek GM. Effect of pomegranate peel extract (Punica granatum) against plant parasitic nematodes. Egyptian J Desert Res. 2024;74(2):419\u2013436. doi:10.21608\/ejdr.2024.340694.1192"},{"key":"B59","series-title":"Kenkyu J Pharm Pract Health Care.","first-page":"1997","article-title":"Phytochemical screening of Calpurnia aurea root extract","volume":"4","author":"Dula D","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dula D, Zelalem A. Phytochemical screening of Calpurnia aurea root extract. Kenkyu J Pharm Pract Health Care. 2018;4:1997. doi:10.31872\/2018\/KJPHC-100116"},{"key":"B60","series-title":"Discov Appl Sci.","first-page":"1","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of acaricidal properties of plant derived products against ixodid ticks population","volume":"7","author":"Bisht N","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bisht N, Fular A, Ghosh S, Nanyiti S. Systematic review and meta-analysis of acaricidal properties of plant derived products against ixodid ticks population. Discov Appl Sci. 2025;7:1\u201331. doi:10.1007\/s42452-025-06629-7"},{"issue":"1","key":"B61","series-title":"Exp Appl Acarol.","first-page":"159","article-title":"Identification of potential plant extracts for anti-tick activity against acaricide resistant cattle ticks, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)","volume":"66","author":"Ghosh S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ghosh S, Tiwari SS, Kumar B, et al. Identification of potential plant extracts for anti-tick activity against acaricide resistant cattle ticks, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). Exp Appl Acarol. 2015;66(1):159\u2013171. doi:10.1007\/s10493-015-9890-7"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"B62","series-title":"Vet Parasitol.","first-page":"204","article-title":"Rotenoid content and in vitro acaricidal activity of Tephrosia vogelii leaf extract on the tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus","volume":"190","author":"Kalume M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kalume M, Losson B, Angenot L, et al. Rotenoid content and in vitro acaricidal activity of Tephrosia vogelii leaf extract on the tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. Vet Parasitol. 2012;190(1\u20132):204\u2013209. doi:10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.06.015"},{"issue":"2","key":"B63","series-title":"J Sci Technol MSU.","first-page":"211","article-title":"Acaricidal activities of crude extract derived from Annona squamosa Linnaeus leaves against cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus Canestrini (Acari: Ixodidae)","volume":"33","author":"Vongkhamchanh B","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vongkhamchanh B, Rattanasena P, Bussaman P. Acaricidal activities of crude extract derived from Annona squamosa Linnaeus leaves against cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus Canestrini (Acari: Ixodidae). J Sci Technol MSU. 2014;33(2):211\u2013216."},{"issue":"2","key":"B64","series-title":"An Bras Dermatol","first-page":"251","article-title":"Skin manifestations of tick bites in humans","volume":"93","author":"Haddad VJ","year":"2018","unstructured":"Haddad VJ, Haddad MR, Santos M, Cardoso JLC. Skin manifestations of tick bites in humans. An Bras Dermatol. 2018;93(2):251\u2013255. doi:10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20186378"},{"issue":"3","key":"B65","series-title":"Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy.","first-page":"281","article-title":"Macrophages in inflammation","volume":"4","author":"Fujiwara N","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fujiwara N, Kobayashi K. Macrophages in inflammation. Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy. 2005;4(3):281\u2013286. doi:10.2174\/1568010054022024"},{"issue":"2","key":"B66","series-title":"Parasitol Res.","first-page":"18","article-title":"Depicting \u201carms race\u201d of Rhipicephalus microplus and its host on a single frame platform","volume":"124","author":"De AK","year":"2025","unstructured":"De AK, Ponraj P, Bhattacharya D. Depicting \u201carms race\u201d of Rhipicephalus microplus and its host on a single frame platform. Parasitol Res. 2025;124(2):18. doi:10.1007\/s00436-025-08459-3"},{"key":"B67","series-title":"Vet Parasitol.","first-page":"30","article-title":"Sarcoptic mange in dogs: its effect on liver, oxidative stress, trace minerals and vitamins","volume":"227","author":"Beigh SA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Beigh SA, Soodan JS, Bhat AM. Sarcoptic mange in dogs: its effect on liver, oxidative stress, trace minerals and vitamins. Vet Parasitol. 2016;227:30\u201334. doi:10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.07.013"},{"issue":"4","key":"B68","series-title":"Antioxidants.","first-page":"82","article-title":"On the origin of superoxide dismutase: an evolutionary perspective of superoxide-mediated redox signaling","volume":"6","author":"Case AJ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Case AJ. On the origin of superoxide dismutase: an evolutionary perspective of superoxide-mediated redox signaling. Antioxidants. 2017;6(4):82. doi:10.3390\/antiox6040082"},{"issue":"5","key":"B69","series-title":"Antioxidants.","first-page":"62","article-title":"Glutathione: antioxidant properties dedicated to nanotechnologies","volume":"7","author":"Gaucher C","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gaucher C, Boudier A, Bonetti J, Clarot I, Leroy P, Parent M. Glutathione: antioxidant properties dedicated to nanotechnologies. Antioxidants. 2018;7(5):62. doi:10.3390\/antiox7050062"},{"issue":"3","key":"B70","series-title":"Food Chem.","first-page":"1587","article-title":"Protective role of Punica granatum (pomegranate) peel and seed oil extracts on diethylnitrosamine and phenobarbital-induced hepatic injury in male rats","volume":"141","author":"Shaban NZ","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shaban NZ, El-Kersh MA, El-Rashidy FH, Habashy NH. Protective role of Punica granatum (pomegranate) peel and seed oil extracts on diethylnitrosamine and phenobarbital-induced hepatic injury in male rats. Food Chem. 2013;141(3):1587\u20131596. doi:10.1016\/j.foodchem.2013.04.134"},{"issue":"12","key":"B71","series-title":"Animals.","first-page":"2312","article-title":"Host-parasite interaction in Sarcoptes scabiei infestation in porcine model with a preliminary note on its genetic lineage from India","volume":"10","author":"De AK","year":"2020","unstructured":"De AK, Sawhney S, Mondal S, et al. Host-parasite interaction in Sarcoptes scabiei infestation in porcine model with a preliminary note on its genetic lineage from India. Animals. 2020;10(12):2312. doi:10.3390\/ani10122312"},{"issue":"2","key":"B72","series-title":"Mac Vet Rev.","first-page":"103","article-title":"Hematological and oxidative status parameters in domestic dogs naturally infested by Rhipicephalus sp","volume":"43","author":"Kebbi R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kebbi R, Besseboua O, Belhadj-Kebbi M, Hassissen L, Ayad A. Hematological and oxidative status parameters in domestic dogs naturally infested by Rhipicephalus sp. Mac Vet Rev. 2020;43(2):103\u2013110. doi:10.2478\/macvetrev-2020-0022"},{"key":"B73","series-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev.","first-page":"360438","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation: production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal","volume":"2014","author":"Ayala A","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ayala A, Munoz MF, Arguelles S. Lipid peroxidation: production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2014;2014:360438. doi:10.1155\/2014\/360438"},{"issue":"12","key":"B74","series-title":"Nutr Res.","first-page":"1719","article-title":"Antioxidant activities of peel, pulp and seed fractions of common fruits as determined by FRAP assay","volume":"23","author":"Guo C","year":"2003","unstructured":"Guo C, Yang J, Wei J, Li Y, Xu J, Jiang Y. Antioxidant activities of peel, pulp and seed fractions of common fruits as determined by FRAP assay. Nutr Res. 2003;23(12):1719\u20131726. doi:10.1016\/j.nutres.2003.08.005"},{"key":"B75","series-title":"Fruit Oils: Chemistry and Functionality.","first-page":"691","article-title":"Pomegranate (Punica granatum) seed oil","author":"Mahesar SA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mahesar SA, Kori AH, Sherazi STH, Kandhro AA. Pomegranate (Punica granatum) seed oil. In: Ramadan MF, ed. Fruit Oils: Chemistry and Functionality. Springer; 2019:691\u2013709."}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/aop\/ajvr.26.07.0295\/ajvr.26.07.0295.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/aop\/ajvr.26.07.0295\/ajvr.26.07.0295.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T13:29:12Z","timestamp":1788182952000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/aop\/ajvr.26.07.0295\/ajvr.26.07.0295.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"references-count":75,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.26.07.0295","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9645","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]}}}