{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T18:53:09Z","timestamp":1791226389597,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To describe diagnostic and surgical management of cricopharyngeal achalasia (CA) in dogs and to identify patient or management factors that may contribute to postoperative outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Signalment, diagnostic imaging findings, surgical information, complications, and outcomes were retrospectively obtained. Fisher exact and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were performed to identify predictors of unsatisfactory outcomes using sex, breed, age, videofluoroscopic swallow study findings, laterality of surgery, and muscles resected as variables.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n 26 dogs surgically managed for CA from 2009 through 2025 were included. The most common breeds were Poodle mixes (n = 12) and Golden Retrievers (8). Ventral bilateral surgery resulted in shorter operative times than through 2 lateral incisions. Postoperative complication and mortality rates were 23% and 11.5%, respectively. Aspiration pneumonia was the most common postoperative complication. Unsatisfactory outcomes were reported in 42.3%. Recurrence of clinical signs after initial resolution was noted in 34.6%, and revision surgery was performed in 26.9%. Median time to recurrence was 84 days (range, 7 to 1,320 days). No significant association was identified for age, sex, breed, laterality, videofluoroscopic swallow study findings, or muscles resected.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Surgical management of CA resulted in low mortality, moderate incidence of recurrence and revision surgery, and residual symptoms requiring long-term conservative management.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n Surgery is a safe option for management of CA, but owners should be informed of the risks of recurrence and residual clinical signs that may require long-term dietary modifications. Animals with CA are at risk of aspiration pneumonia both pre- and postoperatively and should be monitored accordingly.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.26.07.0302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T18:07:42Z","timestamp":1791223662000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Surgical management of cricopharyngeal achalasia in dogs results in low mortality but moderate incidence of recurrence or persistent clinical signs"],"prefix":"10.2460","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1755-0407","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rey M.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigitte A.","family":"Brisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Holt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Small Animal Hospital, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen M.","family":"Ham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Small Animal Hospital, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Hawker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"3\u20136","key":"B1","series-title":"Vet Radiol","first-page":"99","article-title":"Normal swallowing in the dog: a cineradiographic study","volume":"20","author":"Watrous BJ","year":"1979","unstructured":"Watrous BJ, Suter PF. 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