{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T13:46:51Z","timestamp":1791899211702,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare maximum failure load among 3-D\u2013printed canine femoral neck models differing in fracture angle and fixation configuration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This experimental biomechanical study was conducted in a university research laboratory from September 10, 2025, through March 10, 2026. Polycarbonate 3-D\u2013printed models were created using left femoral CT data from a 2-year-old 11.9-kg Shiba Inu. The group configurations were a 50\u00b0 femoral neck fracture stabilized with one 2.5-mm fully threaded headless cannulated screw (HCS) and an antirotation pin (1S1P50), a 70\u00b0 fracture with the same fixation (1S1P70), and a 70\u00b0 fracture stabilized with 2 parallel 2.5-mm HCSs (2S70). Initial construct stiffness was estimated from load-crosshead displacement curves. Maximum failure load, the primary outcome, was determined under single axial compression of the femoral head.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>18 models were analyzed, with 6 in each group. There was no difference in initial construct stiffness among groups. Mean maximum failure loads were 511.5 N (SD, 81.9) in 1S1P50, 502.0 N (SD, 47.2) in 1S1P70, and 679.2 N (SD, 102.5) in 2S70. Maximum failure load was higher in 2S70 than in 1S1P70 (estimated difference, 176 N; Bonferroni-adjusted 98.3% CI, 31 to 301 N).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Under static axial loading, 2S70 had a higher maximum failure load than 1S1P70, with no difference between 1S1P50 and either of the other 2 groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Under static axial loading, 2 HCSs had a higher maximum failure load than did 1 HCS with an antirotation pin at a 70\u00b0 fracture angle in 3-D\u2013printed canine femoral neck models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.26.07.0317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:56:56Z","timestamp":1791896216000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Two headless cannulated screws have a higher maximum failure load than screw-and-pin fixation at a 70\u00b0 fracture angle in 3-dimensionally printed canine femoral neck models"],"prefix":"10.2460","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4926-4011","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Inhee","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sorin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hwi-Yool","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung-Moon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Textbook of Small Animal Surgery","first-page":"2059","article-title":"Fractures of the femur","author":"Simpson DJ","year":"2002","unstructured":"Simpson DJ, Lewis DD. 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