{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:52:10Z","timestamp":1791996730267,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe how veterinary employees and supervisors perceive supervisor support levels and appropriateness in small- and medium-sized practices and to determine perception differences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a cross-sectional online survey conducted in May of 2023. Convenience sampling provided preliminary insights (with bias\/generalizability limits) from participants recruited in the Netherlands via social media, veterinary journals, and university\/organization emails. The People Management Scale (PMS) measured supervisor support levels across 4 dimensions: general human resources practices, tailor-made arrangements, support for commitment, and support for career development. The Too Little\/Too Much rating scale assessed the appropriateness of the individual items of the PMS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The sample included 94 veterinary employees and 54 supervisors from small- and medium-sized practices in the Netherlands. Employees rated supervisor support levels and appropriateness significantly lower than supervisors across all PMS dimensions and Too Little\/Too Much items, revealing substantial perception gaps.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Supervisors overestimate how their support is perceived by employees. This gap highlights a critical challenge for human resource management in veterinary practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Perception differences may limit supervisory support effectiveness and contribute to veterinary attrition. Addressing this gap through improved communication, multisource feedback, and alignment of expectations could enhance supervisory support and improve employee retention in veterinary practices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.26.07.0322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:37:49Z","timestamp":1791995869000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Supervisor-employee perception differences in a survey of Dutch veterinary small- and medium-sized practices"],"prefix":"10.2460","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1562-9990","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Danse C.","family":"Sonneveld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands"},{"name":"TIAS School for Business & Society, Tilburg, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7553-6318","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Roger","family":"Bougie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TIAS School for Business & Society, Tilburg, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6127-1443","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Merel","family":"Langelaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6435-0240","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Harold G. J.","family":"Bok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"Federation of Veterinarians of Europe. Survey of the Veterinary Profession in Europe. Brussels: Federation of Veterinarians of Europe; 2023. Accessed September 18, 2026. https:\/\/fve.org\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/FVE-Survey-2023_updated-v3.pdf"},{"key":"B2","unstructured":"Australian Veterinary Association. Australian Veterinary Workforce Survey 2018. Australia: Australian Veterinary Association; 2019. Accessed September 18, 2026. https:\/\/www.vetvoice.com.au\/SysSiteAssets\/veterinary-careers\/ava-workforce-survey-2018.pdf"},{"key":"B3","author":"Orr B","unstructured":"Orr B. Veterinary Workforce White Paper: to Evaluate Programs Designed to Attract, Recruit and Retain Veterinary Professionals. Australia: Winston Churchill Memorial Trust; 2024. Accessed September 18, 2026. https:\/\/www.churchilltrust.com.au\/fellow\/bronwyn-orr-act-2023"},{"issue":"9","key":"B4","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"354","article-title":"Investigation of factors affecting recruitment and retention in the UK veterinary profession","volume":"187","author":"Hagen JR","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hagen JR, Weller R, Mair TS, Kinnison T. Investigation of factors affecting recruitment and retention in the UK veterinary profession. Vet Rec. 2020;187(9):354. doi:10.1136\/vr.106044"},{"key":"B5","author":"Seymour","year":"2024","unstructured":"Seymour KG. Stay, please. American Animal Hospital Association. January 1, 2024. Accessed May 2, 2026. www.aaha.org\/trends-magazine\/january-2024\/staff-retention-survey\/"},{"key":"B6","author":"Rosolin B","unstructured":"Rosolin B, Plowden Roberts C, Robinson D. The 2024 Survey of the Veterinary Profession: a report for the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons. Report 619 A. Brighton, UK: Institute for Employment Studies; 2024. Accessed October 9, 2026. https:\/\/www.rcvs.org.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/2026-02\/2024-report-survey-of-veterinary-surgeons-profession%20%282%29.pdf"},{"key":"B7","series-title":"Front Vet Sci","first-page":"1433891","article-title":"Career transition plans of veterinarians in clinical practice","author":"Kogan LR","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kogan LR, Rishniw M. Career transition plans of veterinarians in clinical practice. Front Vet Sci. 2024;11:1433891. doi:10.3389\/fvets.2024.1433891"},{"issue":"4","key":"B8","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"e2178","article-title":"Dutch veterinary graduates leaving practice: a mixed-methods analysis of frequency and underlying reasons","volume":"192","author":"Sonneveld D","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sonneveld D, Goverts Y, Duijn CCMA, Camps G, Bougie R, Mastenbroek NJJM. Dutch veterinary graduates leaving practice: a mixed-methods analysis of frequency and underlying reasons. Vet Rec. 2022;192(4):e2178. doi:10.1002\/vetr.2178"},{"key":"B9","author":"Van Vuuren D","year":"2022","unstructured":"Van Vuuren D, Vlaanderen M, Pomp M, Geelen J. De arbeidsmarkt voor dierenartsen. 2022. SEO Economisch Onderzoek. July 4, 2022. Accessed July 24, 2026. https:\/\/www.seo.nl\/publicaties\/de-arbeidsmarkt-voor-dierenartsen\/"},{"issue":"9","key":"B10","series-title":"Can Vet J","first-page":"943","article-title":"Factors associated with veterinarians\u2019 career path choices in the early postgraduate period","volume":"50","author":"Jelinski MD","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jelinski MD, Campbell JR, Macgregor MW, Watts JM. Factors associated with veterinarians\u2019 career path choices in the early postgraduate period. Can Vet J. 2009;50(9):943\u2013948."},{"issue":"1","key":"B11","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","first-page":"109","article-title":"The career path choices of veterinary radiologists","volume":"56","author":"Jelinski MD","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jelinski MD, Silver TI. The career path choices of veterinary radiologists. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2015;56(1):109\u2013113. doi:10.1111\/vru.12182"},{"issue":"11","key":"B12","series-title":"Aust Vet J","first-page":"682","article-title":"Recent veterinary graduates over the last five decades: recollections and perceptions","volume":"83","author":"Heath TJ","year":"2005","unstructured":"Heath TJ. Recent veterinary graduates over the last five decades: recollections and perceptions. Aust Vet J. 2005;83(11):682\u2013687. doi:10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2005.tb13050.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"B13","series-title":"Aust Vet J","first-page":"181","article-title":"Longitudinal study of career plans and directions of veterinary students and recent graduates during the first five years after graduation","volume":"76","author":"Heath TJ","year":"1998","unstructured":"Heath TJ. Longitudinal study of career plans and directions of veterinary students and recent graduates during the first five years after graduation. Aust Vet J. 1998;76(3):181\u2013186. doi:10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1998.tb10125.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"B14","series-title":"N Z Vet J","first-page":"38","article-title":"Experiences of employers, work colleagues, and mentors with new veterinary graduates and preferences towards new graduate support programmes","volume":"69","author":"Gates MC","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gates MC, McLachlan I, Butler S, Weston JF. Experiences of employers, work colleagues, and mentors with new veterinary graduates and preferences towards new graduate support programmes. N Z Vet J. 2021;69(1):38\u201350. doi:10.1080\/00480169.2020.1805373"},{"issue":"1","key":"B15","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"49","article-title":"Why do veterinarians leave clinical practice? A qualitative study using thematic analysis","volume":"188","author":"Arbe Montoya AI","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arbe Montoya AI, Hazel SJ, Matthew SM, McArthur ML. Why do veterinarians leave clinical practice? A qualitative study using thematic analysis. Vet Rec. 2021;188(1):49\u201358. doi:10.1002\/vetr.2"},{"key":"B16","series-title":"Front Vet Sci","first-page":"1036388","article-title":"Engage and enjoy-investigating predictors of employee engagement and work satisfaction in equine veterinary professionals","author":"Elte Y","year":"2023","unstructured":"Elte Y, Acton K, Martin J, Nielen M, Van Weeren R, Wolframm I. Engage and enjoy-investigating predictors of employee engagement and work satisfaction in equine veterinary professionals. Front Vet Sci. 2023;10:1036388. doi:10.3389\/fvets.2023.1036388"},{"issue":"9","key":"B17","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"e412","article-title":"Exploratory study of wellbeing in Dutch veterinarians and the impact of work-related factors and inappropriate behaviour by clients and coworkers","volume":"198","author":"Frippiat T","year":"2026","unstructured":"Frippiat T, Deleu S, Timmenga F, Mastenbroek N. Exploratory study of wellbeing in Dutch veterinarians and the impact of work-related factors and inappropriate behaviour by clients and coworkers. Vet Rec. 2026;198(9):e412\u2013e426. doi:10.1002\/vetr.70057"},{"issue":"9","key":"B18","series-title":"Vet Sci","first-page":"870","article-title":"My workplace is not a safe place: transgressive behavior and workplace harassment in veterinary clinics in the Netherlands","volume":"12","author":"Jansen J","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jansen J, Stoel Q, Lam TJGM. My workplace is not a safe place: transgressive behavior and workplace harassment in veterinary clinics in the Netherlands. Vet Sci. 2025;12(9):870. doi:10.3390\/VETSCI12090870"},{"issue":"4","key":"B19","series-title":"J Appl Psych","first-page":"698","article-title":"Perceived organizational support: a review of the literature","volume":"87","author":"Rhoades L","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rhoades L, Eisenberger R. Perceived organizational support: a review of the literature. J Appl Psych. 2002;87(4):698\u2013714. doi:10.1037\/0021-9010.87.4.698"},{"issue":"34","key":"B20","series-title":"Employ Relat","first-page":"427","article-title":"Employee retention strategies and turnover intentions: the role of perceived supervisor and organizational support","volume":"47","author":"Wanyama SB","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wanyama SB, McQuaid RW, Kittler MG. Employee retention strategies and turnover intentions: the role of perceived supervisor and organizational support. Employ Relat. 2025;47(34):427\u2013449. doi:10.1108\/ER-05-2024-0294"},{"issue":"1","key":"B21","series-title":"J Public Value Adm Insight","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effect of HR practices on employee retention: the role of perceived supervisor support","volume":"3","author":"Malik E","year":"2020","unstructured":"Malik E, Baig SA, Manzoor U. Effect of HR practices on employee retention: the role of perceived supervisor support. J Public Value Adm Insight. 2020;3(1):1\u20137. doi:10.31580\/jpvai.v3i1.1201"},{"issue":"3","key":"B22","series-title":"J Appl Psych","first-page":"565","article-title":"Perceived supervisor support: contributions to perceived organizational support and employee retention","volume":"87","author":"Eisenberger R","year":"2002","unstructured":"Eisenberger R, Stinglhamber F, Vandenberghe C, Sucharski IL, Rhoades L. Perceived supervisor support: contributions to perceived organizational support and employee retention. J Appl Psych. 2002;87(3):565\u2013573. doi:10.1037\/0021-9010.87.3.565"},{"key":"B23","series-title":"Revolut Mark","first-page":"241","article-title":"Perceived supervisory support: a meta-analytic review","author":"Boyer SL","year":"2015","unstructured":"Boyer SL, Edmondson DR. Perceived supervisory support: a meta-analytic review. Revolut Mark. 2015:241\u2013245. doi:10.1007\/978-3-319-11761-4_111"},{"issue":"3","key":"B24","series-title":"J Organ Behav","first-page":"293","article-title":"Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: a multi-sample study","volume":"25","author":"Schaufeli WB","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schaufeli WB, Bakker AB. Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: a multi-sample study. J Organ Behav. 2004;25(3):293\u2013315. doi:10.1002\/job.248"},{"issue":"3","key":"B25","series-title":"Health Care Manag","first-page":"266","article-title":"How does supervisor support influence turnover intent among frontline hospital workers: the mediating role of affective commitment","volume":"35","author":"Nichols HM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nichols HM, Swanberg JE, Bright CL. How does supervisor support influence turnover intent among frontline hospital workers: the mediating role of affective commitment. Health Care Manag. 2016;35(3):266\u2013279. doi:10.1097\/HCM.0000000000000119"},{"issue":"3","key":"B26","series-title":"Work","first-page":"1001","article-title":"Does perceived supervisor support reduce turnover intention? The mediating effects of work engagement among healthcare professionals","volume":"74","author":"Xiaolong T","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xiaolong T, Gull N, Asghar M, Sarfraz M, Jianmin Z. Does perceived supervisor support reduce turnover intention? The mediating effects of work engagement among healthcare professionals. Work. 2023;74(3):1001\u20131013. doi:10.3233\/WOR-210509"},{"issue":"6","key":"B27","series-title":"Int J Hum Resourc Manag","first-page":"705","article-title":"People management: developing and testing a measurement scale","volume":"31","author":"Knies E","year":"2020","unstructured":"Knies E, Leisink P, van de Schoot R. People management: developing and testing a measurement scale. Int J Hum Resourc Manag. 2020;31(6):705\u2013737. doi:10.1080\/09585192.2017.1375963"},{"issue":"3","key":"B28","series-title":"Organ Res Methods","first-page":"518","article-title":"The Too Little\/Too Much scale: a new rating format for detecting curvilinear effects","volume":"20","author":"Vergauwe J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vergauwe J, Wille B, Hofmans J, Kaiser RB, Fruyt FD. The Too Little\/Too Much scale: a new rating format for detecting curvilinear effects. Organ Res Methods. 2017;20(3):518\u2013544. doi:10.1177\/1094428117706534"},{"key":"B29","unstructured":"SME definition. European Commission. Accessed October 9, 2026. https:\/\/single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu\/smes\/sme-fundamentals\/sme-definition_en"},{"issue":"4","key":"B30","series-title":"Ind Organ Psychol","first-page":"657","article-title":"A method for capturing context in the assessment of leaders: the \u201cToo Little\/Too Much\u201d rating scale","volume":"11","author":"Vergauwe J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vergauwe J, Kaiser RB, Wille B, De Fruyt F, Hofmans J. A method for capturing context in the assessment of leaders: the \u201cToo Little\/Too Much\u201d rating scale. Ind Organ Psychol. 2018;11(4):657\u2013662. doi:10.1017\/iop.2018.127"},{"key":"B31","year":"2026","unstructured":"Qualtrics. Qualtrics XM Platform. May-June 2023. Accessed September 18, 2026. https:\/\/www.qualtrics.com\/nl\/"},{"issue":"12","key":"B32","series-title":"J Bus Res","first-page":"1203","article-title":"Advancing formative measurement models","volume":"61","author":"Diamantopoulos A","year":"2008","unstructured":"Diamantopoulos A, Riefler P, Roth KP. Advancing formative measurement models. J Bus Res. 2008;61(12):1203\u20131218. doi:10.1016\/J.JBUSRES.2008.01.009"},{"key":"B33","year":"2026","unstructured":"RStudio. Version 4.5.3. Accessed September 18, 2026. www.R-project.org"},{"key":"B34","series-title":"Vet Rec","article-title":"A cross-sectional study exploring associations between psychological safety, employee turnover intention and feedback skills in veterinary organisations","author":"Oginska O","year":"2026","unstructured":"Oginska O, McArthur M, Zadow A, Gibson N, Cake M. A cross-sectional study exploring associations between psychological safety, employee turnover intention and feedback skills in veterinary organisations. Vet Rec. Published online March 13, 2026. doi:10.1002\/vetr.70498"},{"key":"B35","series-title":"J Healthc Leadersh","first-page":"592815","article-title":"The leadership perception gap in Spanish anesthesiology departments: a national cross-sectional survey comparing department heads and staff views","author":"Poves-\u00c1lvarez R","year":"2026","unstructured":"Poves-\u00c1lvarez R, G\u00f3mez-S\u00e1nchez E, Mart\u00ednez-Rafael B, et al. The leadership perception gap in Spanish anesthesiology departments: a national cross-sectional survey comparing department heads and staff views. J Healthc Leadersh. 2026;18:592815. doi:10.2147\/JHL.S592815"},{"issue":"2026","key":"B36","series-title":"Humanit Soc Sci Commun","first-page":"604","article-title":"Measuring the effects of health workers\u2019 expectations and perceptions towards managers on their job satisfaction: a scale development and evaluation study","volume":"13","author":"Turan A","year":"2026","unstructured":"Turan A, Turan F. Measuring the effects of health workers\u2019 expectations and perceptions towards managers on their job satisfaction: a scale development and evaluation study. Humanit Soc Sci Commun. 2026;13(2026):604. doi:10.1057\/s41599-026-06852-6"},{"issue":"2","key":"B37","series-title":"Leadersh Q","first-page":"253","article-title":"Seeing eye to eye: a meta-analysis of self-other agreement of leadership","volume":"29","author":"Lee A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee A, Carpenter NC. Seeing eye to eye: a meta-analysis of self-other agreement of leadership. Leadersh Q. 2018;29(2):253\u2013275. doi:10.1016\/j.leaqua.2017.06.002"},{"issue":"12","key":"B38","series-title":"Public Manag Rev","first-page":"1867","article-title":"Agreeing to disagree? Explaining self\u2013other disagreement on leadership behaviour","volume":"21","author":"Vogel D","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vogel D, Kroll A. Agreeing to disagree? Explaining self\u2013other disagreement on leadership behaviour. Public Manag Rev. 2019;21(12):1867\u20131892. doi:10.1080\/14719037.2019.1577910"},{"key":"B39","first-page":"121","author":"Atwater LE","year":"1997","unstructured":"Atwater LE, Yammarino FJ. Self-other rating agreement: A review and model. Ferris GR, ed. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management. Vol 15. JAI Press; 1997:121\u2013174."},{"issue":"6","key":"B40","series-title":"Leadersh Q","first-page":"1005","article-title":"Self-other rating agreement in leadership: a review","volume":"21","author":"Fleenor JW","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fleenor JW, Smither JW, Atwater LE, Braddy PW, Sturm RE. Self-other rating agreement in leadership: a review. Leadersh Q. 2010;21(6):1005\u20131034. doi:10.1016\/j.leaqua.2010.10.006"},{"issue":"2","key":"B41","series-title":"J Manag","first-page":"313","article-title":"The too-much-of-a-good-thing effect in management","volume":"39","author":"Pierce JR","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pierce JR, Aguinis H. The too-much-of-a-good-thing effect in management. J Manag. 2013;39(2):313\u2013338. doi:10.1177\/0149206311410060"},{"issue":"12","key":"B42","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1838","article-title":"Differences in perceptions and satisfaction exist among veterinarians employed at corporate versus privately owned veterinary clinics","volume":"261","author":"Kogan LR","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kogan LR, Rishniw M. Differences in perceptions and satisfaction exist among veterinarians employed at corporate versus privately owned veterinary clinics. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2023;261(12):1838\u20131846. doi:10.2460\/javma.23.06.0326"},{"issue":"1","key":"B43","series-title":"J Clin Epidemiol","first-page":"87","article-title":"Recall bias in epidemiologic studies","volume":"43","author":"Coughlin SS","year":"1990","unstructured":"Coughlin SS. Recall bias in epidemiologic studies. J Clin Epidemiol. 1990;43(1):87\u201391. doi:10.1016\/0895-4356(90)90060-3"},{"issue":"4","key":"B44","series-title":"Qual Quant","first-page":"2025","article-title":"Determinants of social desirability bias in sensitive surveys: a literature review","volume":"47","author":"Krumpal I","year":"2013","unstructured":"Krumpal I. Determinants of social desirability bias in sensitive surveys: a literature review. Qual Quant. 2013;47(4):2025\u20132047. doi:10.1007\/s11135-011-9640-9"},{"issue":"2","key":"B45","series-title":"Am Econ Rev","first-page":"313","article-title":"Varieties of selection bias","volume":"80","author":"Heckman J","year":"1990","unstructured":"Heckman J. Varieties of selection bias. Am Econ Rev. 1990;80(2):313\u2013318."},{"issue":"1","key":"B46","series-title":"Rev Public Pers Adm","first-page":"88","article-title":"Shared perceptions of supervisor support: what processes make supervisors and employees see eye to eye?","volume":"42","author":"Penning de Vries J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Penning de Vries J, Knies E, Leisink P. Shared perceptions of supervisor support: what processes make supervisors and employees see eye to eye? Rev Public Pers Adm. 2022;42(1):88\u2013112. doi:10.1177\/0734371X20942814"},{"issue":"2","key":"B47","series-title":"Rev Public Pers Adm","first-page":"309","article-title":"\u201cI expected more from you\u201d: the effect of expectation-disconfirmation on employees\u2019 satisfaction with supervisory support","volume":"43","author":"Penning de Vries J","year":"2023","unstructured":"Penning de Vries J, Knies E. \u201cI expected more from you\u201d: the effect of expectation-disconfirmation on employees\u2019 satisfaction with supervisory support. Rev Public Pers Adm. 2023;43(2):309\u2013335. doi:10.1177\/0734371X211065348"},{"key":"B48","author":"Halverson SK","unstructured":"Halverson SK, Tonidandel S, Barlow C, Dipboye RL. Self-other agreement on a 360-degree leadership evaluation. In: 17th Annual Conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, April 2002; Toronto, Canada."},{"issue":"4","key":"B49","series-title":"Appl Psych","first-page":"437","article-title":"Congruence of self and others\u2019 leadership ratings of naval officers for understanding successful performance","volume":"40","author":"Bass BM","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bass BM, Yammarino FJ. Congruence of self and others\u2019 leadership ratings of naval officers for understanding successful performance. Appl Psych. 1991;40(4):437\u2013454. doi:10.1111\/j.1464-0597.1991.tb01002.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"B50","series-title":"J Occup Organ Psychol","first-page":"57","article-title":"Congruence of self and subordinate ratings of managerial practices as a correlate of supervisor evaluation","volume":"67","author":"Furnham A","year":"1994","unstructured":"Furnham A, Stringfield P. Congruence of self and subordinate ratings of managerial practices as a correlate of supervisor evaluation. J Occup Organ Psychol. 1994;67(1):57\u201367. doi:10.1111\/j.2044-8325.1994.tb00549.x"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/aop\/ajvr.26.07.0322\/ajvr.26.07.0322.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/aop\/ajvr.26.07.0322\/ajvr.26.07.0322.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:37:50Z","timestamp":1791995870000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/aop\/ajvr.26.07.0322\/ajvr.26.07.0322.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"references-count":50,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.26.07.0322","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645","1943-5681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9645","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-5681","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]}}}