{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T15:39:28Z","timestamp":1791819568447,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective\u2014<\/jats:bold>\n                    To determine whether autologous jugular veins provide functional grafts with high 30-day patency rates in an experimental model of systemic-to-pulmonary shunting performed with a modified Blalock-Taussig procedure.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Animals\u2014<\/jats:bold>\n                    15 healthy Beagles.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Procedure\u2014<\/jats:bold>\n                    A segment of the left jugular vein was implanted between the left subclavian and pulmonary arteries. Echocardiograms were obtained prior to surgery, at day 4 to 7, and at day 30 after surgery. Selective angiograms were performed immediately after surgery and on day 30. Oximetric shunt calculations were made via terminal angiography prior to euthanasia. Gross and histologic evaluations of the grafts were conducted.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results\u2014<\/jats:bold>\n                    Grafts were patent in 12 of 15 dogs 30 days after surgery as assessed via auscultation, color Doppler ultrasonography, angiography, and histologic examination. Echocardiographic analysis revealed compensatory eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy. Mean pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio was 1.5:1. Histologic evidence of endothelialization of the anastomotic sites and vein graft arterialization was detectable at 30 days.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance\u2014<\/jats:bold>\n                    Autologous jugular vein grafts were effectively used to create a systemic-to-pulmonary shunt by use of a modified Blalock-Taussig procedure. High patency, ready accessibility, low cost, and theoretical adaptative remodeling during patient growth make autologous jugular vein grafts a valuable alternative to synthetic materials.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.67.1.174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,20]],"date-time":"2006-01-20T17:24:51Z","timestamp":1137777891000},"page":"174-179","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Use of a jugular vein graft in a modified Blalock-Taussig procedure in dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Augusta","family":"Pelosi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George E.","family":"Eyster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lo\u00efc M.","family":"D\u00e9jardin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matti","family":"Kiupel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Rees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlee A.","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. Bari","family":"Olivier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Braunswald's heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine","first-page":"1489","article-title":"Congenital heart disease in infancy and childhood","author":"Webb","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Small animal cardiovascular medicine","first-page":"240","article-title":"Tetralogy of Fallot","author":"Kittleson","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Ann Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-200010000-00006","article-title":"Complete repair of Tetralogy of Fallot in the neonate","volume":"232","author":"Hirsch","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Ann Thorac Surg","first-page":"251","article-title":"Surgical repair and protocol in the spectrum of Tetralogy of Fallot","volume":"198","author":"Kirklin","year":"1983"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Surg Clin North Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(16)44529-9","article-title":"Palliative surgery for cyanotic congenital heart disease","volume":"68","author":"Cooley","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Ann Thorac Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)60718-7","article-title":"Subclavian-pulmonary artery shunts with polytetrafluorethylene interposition grafts","volume":"37","author":"Bove","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Ann Thorac Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(90)90026-3","article-title":"Modified Blalock-Taussig shunts: results in infants less than 3 months of age","volume":"49","author":"Tamisier","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)35446-7","article-title":"Modified Blalock-Taussig shunt in newborn infants","volume":"88","author":"Ilbawi","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(97)70113-2","article-title":"The modified Blalock-Taussig shunt: clinical impact and morbidity in Fallot's tetralogy in the current era","volume":"114","author":"Gladman","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"JAMA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1945.02860200029009","article-title":"The surgical treatment of the heart in which there is pulmonary stenosis and pulmonary atresia","volume":"128","author":"Blalock","year":"1945"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino)","first-page":"287","article-title":"The modified Blalock-Taussig shunt using microporous expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)","volume":"23","author":"Lawless","year":"1982"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Ann Thorac Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)61231-3","article-title":"Systemic-pulmonary shunts in neonates and infants using microporous expanded polytetrafluoroethylene: immediate and late results","volume":"30","author":"Donahoo","year":"1980"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Can J Surg","first-page":"134","article-title":"Polytetrafluoroethylene shunts in congenital heart disease","volume":"25","author":"Nanton","year":"1982"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Ann Thorac Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)62660-4","article-title":"Experience with polytetrafluoroethylene grafts in children with cyanotic congenital heart disease","volume":"41","author":"Opie","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1983.tb00416.x","article-title":"Surgical correction of the tetralogy of Fallot in a dog","volume":"24","author":"Herrtage","year":"1983"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"652","article-title":"Open-heart correction of tetralogy of Fallot in an acyanotic dog","volume":"213","author":"Lew","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.219.1089","article-title":"Open surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot in dogs","volume":"219","author":"Orton","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1977.tb05902.x","article-title":"Surgical management of tetralogy of Fallot","volume":"18","author":"Eyster","year":"1977"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"33","article-title":"Tetralogy of Fallot in the dog: clinical findings in 13 cases","volume":"24","author":"Ringwald","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Pediatr Cardiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02306742","article-title":"Use of saphenous vein allografts for aortopulmonary artery anastomoses in neonates with complex cyanotic congenital heart disease","volume":"5","author":"Danilowicz","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet","first-page":"929","article-title":"Interposition of the azygous vein in the Blalock-Taussig procedure","volume":"141","author":"Senno","year":"1975"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"Ann Thorac Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(95)00931-0","article-title":"Modified Blalock-Taussig shunt using allograft saphenous vein: six years'experience","volume":"61","author":"Bogats","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Ann Thorac Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(01)02467-5","article-title":"Saphenous vein homograft: a superior conduit for the systemic arterial shunt in the Norwood operation","volume":"71","author":"Tam","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"J Card Surg","first-page":"239","article-title":"Systemic pulmonary artery shunt using a bovine mesenteric venous graft in new-borns","volume":"15","author":"Kalangos","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref25","series-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-7317(89)80014-8","article-title":"Recommendations for quantitation of the left ventricle by two-dimensional echocardiography. American Society of Echocardiography Committee on Standards, Subcommittee on Quantitation of Two-Dimensional Echocardiograms","volume":"2","author":"Schiller","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref26","series-title":"Manual of veterinary echocardiography","first-page":"151","article-title":"Evaluation of size, function, and hemodynamics","author":"Boon","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref27","series-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870301500114","article-title":"Malignant granulosatheca cell tumor in a 2-year-old Miniature Horse","volume":"15","author":"Patrick","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref28","series-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg","first-page":"112","article-title":"Modified Blalock-Taussig shunt. Use of subclavian artery orifice as flow regulator in prosthetic systemic-pulmonary artery shunts","volume":"81","author":"De Leval","year":"1981"},{"key":"ref29","series-title":"Ann Thorac Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)62021-8","article-title":"Optimal flow of aorta-pulmonary artery shunt in patients with cyanotic heart disease","volume":"44","author":"Kusuhara","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref30","series-title":"Br Heart J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.70.5.474","article-title":"Recanalization of an 30.occluded modified Blalock-Taussig shunt by balloon dilation","volume":"70","author":"Sreeram","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref31","series-title":"Thromb Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-3848(97)00278-8","article-title":"Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene vascular graft loses its thrombogenicity six months after implantation","volume":"88","author":"Ariyoshi","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref32","series-title":"ASAIO J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1097\/00002480-200011000-00032","article-title":"Polytetrafluoroethylene hemoaccess site infections","volume":"46","author":"Anderson","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref33","series-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/S1078-5884(98)80153-6","article-title":"A comparison between randomized PTFE and denaturated homologous vein graft for haemodialysis access: a prospective randomised multicentre trial. The SMASH Study Group. Study of Graft Materials in Access for Haemodialysis","volume":"16","author":"Bosman","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Braunswald's heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine","first-page":"1489","article-title":"Congenital heart disease in infancy and childhood","author":"Webb","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Small animal cardiovascular medicine","first-page":"240","article-title":"Tetralogy of Fallot","author":"Kittleson","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Ann Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-200010000-00006","article-title":"Complete repair of Tetralogy of Fallot in the neonate","volume":"232","author":"Hirsch","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Ann Thorac Surg","first-page":"251","article-title":"Surgical repair and protocol in the spectrum of Tetralogy of Fallot","volume":"198","author":"Kirklin","year":"1983"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Surg Clin North Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(16)44529-9","article-title":"Palliative surgery for cyanotic congenital heart disease","volume":"68","author":"Cooley","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Ann Thorac Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)60718-7","article-title":"Subclavian-pulmonary artery shunts with polytetrafluorethylene interposition grafts","volume":"37","author":"Bove","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Ann Thorac Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(90)90026-3","article-title":"Modified Blalock-Taussig shunts: results in infants less than 3 months of age","volume":"49","author":"Tamisier","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)35446-7","article-title":"Modified Blalock-Taussig shunt in newborn infants","volume":"88","author":"Ilbawi","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(97)70113-2","article-title":"The modified Blalock-Taussig shunt: clinical impact and morbidity in Fallot's tetralogy in the current era","volume":"114","author":"Gladman","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"JAMA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1945.02860200029009","article-title":"The surgical treatment of the heart in which there is pulmonary stenosis and pulmonary atresia","volume":"128","author":"Blalock","year":"1945"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino)","first-page":"287","article-title":"The modified Blalock-Taussig shunt using microporous expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)","volume":"23","author":"Lawless","year":"1982"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Ann Thorac Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)61231-3","article-title":"Systemic-pulmonary shunts in neonates and infants using microporous expanded polytetrafluoroethylene: immediate and late results","volume":"30","author":"Donahoo","year":"1980"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Can J Surg","first-page":"134","article-title":"Polytetrafluoroethylene shunts in congenital heart disease","volume":"25","author":"Nanton","year":"1982"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Ann Thorac Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)62660-4","article-title":"Experience with polytetrafluoroethylene grafts in children with cyanotic congenital heart disease","volume":"41","author":"Opie","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1983.tb00416.x","article-title":"Surgical correction of the tetralogy of Fallot in a dog","volume":"24","author":"Herrtage","year":"1983"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"652","article-title":"Open-heart correction of tetralogy of Fallot in an acyanotic dog","volume":"213","author":"Lew","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.219.1089","article-title":"Open surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot in dogs","volume":"219","author":"Orton","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1977.tb05902.x","article-title":"Surgical management of tetralogy of Fallot","volume":"18","author":"Eyster","year":"1977"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"33","article-title":"Tetralogy of Fallot in the dog: clinical findings in 13 cases","volume":"24","author":"Ringwald","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Pediatr Cardiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02306742","article-title":"Use of saphenous vein allografts for aortopulmonary artery anastomoses in neonates with complex cyanotic congenital heart disease","volume":"5","author":"Danilowicz","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet","first-page":"929","article-title":"Interposition of the azygous vein in the Blalock-Taussig procedure","volume":"141","author":"Senno","year":"1975"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"Ann Thorac Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(95)00931-0","article-title":"Modified Blalock-Taussig shunt using allograft saphenous vein: six years'experience","volume":"61","author":"Bogats","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Ann Thorac Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(01)02467-5","article-title":"Saphenous vein homograft: a superior conduit for the systemic arterial shunt in the Norwood operation","volume":"71","author":"Tam","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"J Card Surg","first-page":"239","article-title":"Systemic pulmonary artery shunt using a bovine mesenteric venous graft in new-borns","volume":"15","author":"Kalangos","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref25","series-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-7317(89)80014-8","article-title":"Recommendations for quantitation of the left ventricle by two-dimensional echocardiography. American Society of Echocardiography Committee on Standards, Subcommittee on Quantitation of Two-Dimensional Echocardiograms","volume":"2","author":"Schiller","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref26","series-title":"Manual of veterinary echocardiography","first-page":"151","article-title":"Evaluation of size, function, and hemodynamics","author":"Boon","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref27","series-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870301500114","article-title":"Malignant granulosatheca cell tumor in a 2-year-old Miniature Horse","volume":"15","author":"Patrick","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref28","series-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg","first-page":"112","article-title":"Modified Blalock-Taussig shunt. Use of subclavian artery orifice as flow regulator in prosthetic systemic-pulmonary artery shunts","volume":"81","author":"De Leval","year":"1981"},{"key":"ref29","series-title":"Ann Thorac Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)62021-8","article-title":"Optimal flow of aorta-pulmonary artery shunt in patients with cyanotic heart disease","volume":"44","author":"Kusuhara","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref30","series-title":"Br Heart J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.70.5.474","article-title":"Recanalization of an 30.occluded modified Blalock-Taussig shunt by balloon dilation","volume":"70","author":"Sreeram","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref31","series-title":"Thromb Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-3848(97)00278-8","article-title":"Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene vascular graft loses its thrombogenicity six months after implantation","volume":"88","author":"Ariyoshi","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref32","series-title":"ASAIO J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1097\/00002480-200011000-00032","article-title":"Polytetrafluoroethylene hemoaccess site infections","volume":"46","author":"Anderson","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref33","series-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/S1078-5884(98)80153-6","article-title":"A comparison between randomized PTFE and denaturated homologous vein graft for haemodialysis access: a prospective randomised multicentre trial. 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