{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:30:27Z","timestamp":1791261027492,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To adapt and standardize neural tissue mobilization exercises, quantify nerve root movement, and assess the anatomic effects of lumbar spinal nerve and dural mobilization in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201415 canine cadavers.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u20145 cadavers were used in the preliminary part of the study to adapt 3 neural tissue mobilization physical therapy exercises to canine anatomy. In the other 10 cadavers, the L4 to L7 nerve roots and the dura at the level of T13 and L1 were isolated and marked. Movements during the physical therapy exercises were standardized by means of goniometric control. Movement of the nerve roots in response to each exercise was digitally measured. The effects of body weight and crownrump length on the distance of nerve root movement achieved during each exercise were also assessed. Each exercise was divided into 4 steps, and the overall distance of neural movement achieved was compared with distances achieved between steps.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Neural tissue mobilization exercises elicited visible and measurable movement of nerve roots L4 to L7 and of the dura at T13 and L1 in all cadavers.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014The physical therapy exercises evaluated had measurable effects on nerve roots L4 to L7 and the dura mater in the T13 and L1 segments. These exercises should be evaluated in clinical trials to validate their efficacy as primary treatments or ancillary postsurgical therapy in dogs with disorders of the thoracolumbar and lumbosacral segments of the vertebral column.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.67.10.1773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,2]],"date-time":"2006-10-02T13:49:29Z","timestamp":1159796969000},"page":"1773-1779","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Evaluation of the anatomic effect of physical therapy exercises for mobilization of lumbar spinal nerves and the dura mater in dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Fredrik I.","family":"Gruenenfelder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alois","family":"Boos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Mouwen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Steffen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Canine rehabilitation and physical therapy","first-page":"388","article-title":"Neurologic conditions and physical rehabilitation of the neurologic patient","author":"Shealy","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet","first-page":"1583","article-title":"Postsurgical physical therapy: the missing link","volume":"14","author":"Taylor","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd","first-page":"495","article-title":"Rehabilitation methods in small animal neurology [in German]","volume":"143","author":"Kathmann","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Physiotherapy","article-title":"Dachshund with a slipped disc","volume":"56","author":"Warman","year":"1970"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Tijdschr Diergeneeskd","first-page":"144","article-title":"Physical therapy in dogs, initial results obtained under field conditions [in Dutch]","volume":"3","author":"van Sasse van Ysslet","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Mobilization of the nervous system","first-page":"35","author":"Butler","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195032040-00006","article-title":"The well-legraising test of Fajersztajn in the diagnosis of ruptured intervertebral disc","volume":"32","author":"Woodhall","year":"1950"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1966.25.1.0045","article-title":"Effects of mechanical stresses on the spinal cord in cervical spondylosis. 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