{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T09:40:17Z","timestamp":1774690817775,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To evaluate the humoral immune response of Asian elephants to a primary IM vaccination with either 1 or 2 doses of a commercially available inactivated rabies virus vaccine and evaluate the anamnestic response to a 1-dose booster vaccination.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201416 captive Asian elephants.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Elephants with no known prior rabies vaccinations were assigned into 2 treatment groups of 8 elephants; 1 group received 1 dose of vaccine, and the other group received 2 doses of vaccine 9 days apart. All elephants received one or two 4-mL IM injections of a monovalent inactivated rabies virus vaccine. Blood was collected prior to vaccination (day 0) and on days 9, 35, 112, and 344. All elephants received 1 booster dose of vaccine on day 344, and a final blood sample was taken 40 days later (day 384). Serum was tested for rabies virus\u2013neutralizing antibodies by use of the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014All elephants were seronegative prior to vaccination. There were significant differences in the rabies geometric mean titers between the 2 elephant groups at days 35, 112, and 202. Both groups had a strong anamnestic response 40 days after the booster given at day 344.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results confirmed the ability of Asian elephants to develop a humoral immune response after vaccination with a commercially available monovalent inactivated rabies virus vaccine and the feasibility of instituting a rabies virus vaccination program for elephants that are in frequent contact with humans. A 2-dose series of rabies virus vaccine should provide an adequate antibody response in elephants, and annual boosters should maintain the antibody response in this species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.67.11.1934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,2]],"date-time":"2006-11-02T17:22:32Z","timestamp":1162488152000},"page":"1934-1936","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Results of vaccination of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) with monovalent inactivated rabies vaccine"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Ramiro","family":"Isaza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rolan D.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan M.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah 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