{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T12:16:03Z","timestamp":1763036163340,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To characterize pharmacokinetics of voriconazole in horses after oral and IV administration and determine the in vitro physicochemical characteristics of the drug that may affect oral absorption and tissue distribution.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u20146 adult horses.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Horses were administered voriconazole (1 mg\/kg, IV, or 4 mg\/kg, PO), and plasma concentrations were measured by use of high-performance liquid chromatography. In vitro plasma protein binding and the octanol:water partition coefficient were also assessed.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Voriconazole was adequately absorbed after oral administration in horses, with a systemic bioavailability of 135.75 \u00b1 18.41%. The elimination half-life after a single orally administered dose was 13.11 \u00b1 2.85 hours, and the maximum plasma concentration was 2.43 \u00b1 0.4 \u03bcg\/mL. Plasma protein binding was 31.68%, and the octanol:water partition coefficient was 64.69. No adverse reactions were detected during the study.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Voriconazole has excellent absorption after oral administration and a long half-life in horses. On the basis of the results of this study, it was concluded that administration of voriconazole at a dosage of 4 mg\/kg, PO, every 24 hours will attain plasma concentrations adequate for treatment of horses with fungal infections for which the fungi have a minimum inhibitory concentration \u2264 1 \u03bcg\/mL. Because of the possible nonlinearity of this drug as well as the potential for accumulation, chronic dosing studies and clinical trials are needed to determine the appropriate dosing regimen for voriconazole in horses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.67.6.1070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]],"date-time":"2006-06-01T19:57:37Z","timestamp":1149191857000},"page":"1070-1075","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Pharmacokinetics of voriconazole after oral and intravenous administration to horses"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Davis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacklyn H.","family":"Salmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark G.","family":"Papich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Equine Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1989.tb02148.x","article-title":"Body fluid and endometrial concentrations of ketoconazole in mares after intravenous injection or repeated gavage","volume":"21","author":"Prades","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2005.66.1694","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of itraconazole after oral and intravenous administration to horses","volume":"66","author":"Davis","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.1606","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of fluconazole following intravenous and oral administration and body fluid concentrations of fluconazole following repeated oral dosing in horses","volume":"62","author":"Latimer","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2492","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.11.2492","article-title":"A new triazole, voriconazole (UK-109,496), blocks sterol biosynthesis in Candida albicans and Candida krusei","volume":"41","author":"Sanati","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Drug Metab Dispos","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.31.6.731","article-title":"The disposition of voriconazole in mouse, rat, rabbit, guinea pig, dog, and human","volume":"31","author":"Roffey","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Int J Clin Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1368-5031.2004.0099.x","article-title":"Voriconazole for serious fungal infections","volume":"58","author":"Gothard","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Strategy of drug design. 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