{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T22:00:55Z","timestamp":1774994455508,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To evaluate correlations between plasma concentrations of norepinephrine and Doppler echocardiographic variables for dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) or dilatative cardiomyopathy (DCM) to better understand the time course and magnitude of sympathetic activation in dogs with heart failure (HF).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201415 healthy dogs, 15 dogs with DMVD, and 15 dogs with DCM.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Dogs were positioned in lateral recumbency with minimal restraint for at least 20 minutes. Plasma samples were obtained and assayed by use of high-performance liquid chromatography. Concentrations were correlated with HF classification and with the main Doppler echocardiographic variables for each group.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Mean \u00b1 SD norepinephrine concentration was significantly higher in dogs with DMVD (494.4 \u00b1 204.8 pg\/mL) or DCM (655.7 \u00b1 652.5 pg\/mL) than in healthy dogs (205.8 \u00b1 78.9 pg\/mL), but concentrations did not differ significantly between the 2 groups with HF. Correlations were not detected between norepinephrine and heart rate or any M-mode echocardiographic variables evaluated, except for fractional shortening (FS) in DCM dogs. In that group, norepinephrine was inversely correlated with FS values. In DMVD dogs, no significant correlation was found between norepinephrine and the left atrium-to-aortic root ratio or mitral regurgitation.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014A proportional inverse correlation exists between norepinephrine and FS values in dogs with DCM. However, norepinephrine concentration was not correlated with the evaluated echocardiographic variables in dogs with DMVD. Sympathetic antagonists should be evaluated as a treatment option because of the increased plasma concentrations of norepinephrine detected in dogs with HF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.67.7.1163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,6]],"date-time":"2006-07-06T16:45:30Z","timestamp":1152204330000},"page":"1163-1168","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Correlation between activation of the sympathetic nervous system estimated by plasma concentrations of norepinephrine and Doppler echocardiographic variables in dogs with acquired heart disease"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"M\u00e1rio Marcondes","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9lia M. C.","family":"Strunz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria H. M. 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