{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T03:18:58Z","timestamp":1761707938509,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To investigate the distribution of mRNA coding for 9 adrenoceptor subtypes in the intestines of healthy dairy cows and cows with cecal dilatationdislocation (CDD).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Sample Population<\/jats:bold>\u2014Full-thickness specimens of the intestinal wall were obtained from the ileum, cecum, proximal loop of the ascending colon (PLAC), and external loop of the spiral colon (ELSC) of 15 cows with CDD (group 1) and 15 healthy (control) cows (group 2, specimens collected during laparotomy; group 3, specimens collected after slaughter).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Concentrations of mRNA for 9 adrenoceptor subtypes (\u03b1<jats:sub>1A<\/jats:sub>, \u03b1<jats:sub>1B<\/jats:sub>, \u03b1<jats:sub>1D<\/jats:sub>, \u03b1<jats:sub>2AD<\/jats:sub>, \u03b1<jats:sub>2B<\/jats:sub>, \u03b1<jats:sub>2C<\/jats:sub>, \u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, \u03b2<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, and \u03b2<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>) were measured by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR assay. Results were expressed relative to mRNA expression of a housekeeping gene.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Expression of mRNA for \u03b1<jats:sub>1B<\/jats:sub>-, \u03b1<jats:sub>2AD<\/jats:sub>-, \u03b1<jats:sub>2B<\/jats:sub>-, \u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-, and \u03b2<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-adrenoceptors was significantly lower in cows with CDD than in control cows. In the ileum, these receptors all had lower mRNA expression in cows with CDD than in control cows. The same effect was detected in the ELSC for mRNA for \u03b1<jats:sub>2AD<\/jats:sub>-, \u03b1<jats:sub>2B<\/jats:sub>-, \u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-, and \u03b2<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-adrenoceptors, and in the cecum and PLAC for \u03b1<jats:sub>2B<\/jats:sub>- and \u03b2<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-adrenoceptors. Groups did not differ significantly for \u03b1<jats:sub>1A<\/jats:sub>-adrenoceptors. The mRNA expression for \u03b1<jats:sub>1D<\/jats:sub>-, \u03b1<jats:sub>2C<\/jats:sub>-, and \u03b2<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-adrenoceptors was extremely low in all groups.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Differences in expression of mRNA coding for adrenoceptors, most pronounced in the ileum and spiral colon, between cows with CDD and control cows support the hypothesis of an implication of adrenergic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of CDD in dairy cows.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.67.8.1367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,2]],"date-time":"2006-08-02T18:23:20Z","timestamp":1154543000000},"page":"1367-1376","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Quantitative mRNA analysis of adrenergic receptor subtypes in the intestines of healthy dairy cows and dairy cows with cecal dilatation-dislocation"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Barbara","family":"Kobel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ladina","family":"Engel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edgar C.","family":"Ontsouka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans U.","family":"Graber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrg W.","family":"Blum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Steiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mireille","family":"Meylan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd","first-page":"423","article-title":"Epidemiology and risk factors of cecal dilatation\/dislocation and abomasal displacement in dairy cows","volume":"141","author":"Eicher","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Dtsch Tier\u00e4rztl Wschr","first-page":"409","article-title":"Die Blinddarmerweiterung und-drehung beim Rind","volume":"69","author":"Dirksen","year":"1962"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Vet Rec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.125.10.265","article-title":"Clinical findings in cattle with dilatation and torsion of the caecum","volume":"125","author":"Braun","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Vet Rec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.125.15.396","article-title":"Haematological and biochemical findings in cattle with dilatation and torsion of the caecum","volume":"125","author":"Braun","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Vet Rec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.125.17.430","article-title":"Therapy and clinical progress of cattle with dilatation and torsion of the caecum","volume":"125","author":"Braun","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Wien Tier\u00e4rztl Mschr","first-page":"41","article-title":"Die chirurgische Behandlung der Blinddarmdilatation\/-torsion bei der Kuh 80 F\u00e4lle","volume":"72","author":"Steiner","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd","first-page":"419","article-title":"New aspects on the etiopathogenesis and treatment of cecal dilatation\/dislocation in cows\u2014a review","volume":"141","author":"Steiner","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Nord Vet Med","first-page":"393","article-title":"Inhibition of cecal motility in sheep by volatile fatty acids","volume":"24","author":"Svendsen","year":"1972"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Nord Vet Med","first-page":"578","article-title":"Cecal dilatation in cattle: an experimental study of the etiology","volume":"22","author":"Svendsen","year":"1970"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"961","article-title":"Myoelectric activity of the cecum and proximal loop of the ascending colon in cows after spontaneous cecal dilatation\/dislocation","volume":"58","author":"Stocker","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Zentralbl Veterinarmed [A]","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0442.1994.tb00065.x","article-title":"Colic motor complex of the cecum and proximal loop of the ascending colon observed in an experimental cow with large intestinal obstruction","volume":"41","author":"Steiner","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Pharmacol Ther","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7258(95)02031-4","article-title":"Adrenergic mechanisms in the control of gastrointestinal motility: from basic science to clinical applications","volume":"69","author":"De Ponti","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Gastroenterology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(84)80070-0","article-title":"Effect of opiate and adrenergic blockers on the gut motor response to centrally acting stimuli","volume":"87","author":"Stanghellini","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Surgery","first-page":"130","article-title":"Discrimination between alpha 1- and alpha 2- adrenergic receptors in the isolated perfused ileum","volume":"104","author":"Yeo","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther","first-page":"125","article-title":"Review article: adrenergic control of motor and secretory function in the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"6","author":"McIntyre","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther","first-page":"267","article-title":"The effect of beta-adrenoreceptor agonists and antagonists on fructose absorption in man","volume":"7","author":"McIntyre","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Ross Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova","first-page":"1001","article-title":"Role of catecholamines in the glucose absorption regulation in the small intestine","volume":"89","author":"Sheptitskii","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Zentralbl Veterinarmed [A]","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0442.1989.tb00747.x","article-title":"The adrenergic receptors in the control of reticuloruminal myoelectrical activity in sheep","volume":"36","author":"Brikas","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0442.2002.00450.x","article-title":"Ultrasonographic evaluation of reticular motility in cows after administration of atropine, scopolamine and xylazine","volume":"49","author":"Braun","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Can J Vet Res","first-page":"411","article-title":"Antagonistic effects of alpha-adrenoceptor blocking agents on reticuloruminal hypomotility induced by xylazine in cattle","volume":"52","author":"Hikasa","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.1987.tb00069.x","article-title":"Depression of reticulo-ruminal motor functions through the stimulation of alpha 2-adrenoceptors","volume":"10","author":"Ruckebusch","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"Neuropharmacology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(95)00018-2","article-title":"Adrenergic receptor signal transduction and regulation","volume":"34","author":"Hein","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Domest Anim Endocrinol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0739-7240(02)00211-4","article-title":"Detection and quantification of mRNA expression of alphaand beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes in the mammary gland of dairy cows","volume":"24","author":"Inderwies","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2004.65.1142","article-title":"Distribution of mRNA that codes for subtypes of adrenergic receptors in the gastrointestinal tract of dairy cows","volume":"65","author":"Meylan","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref25","series-title":"J Recept Signal Transduct Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1081\/RRS-120026971","article-title":"Quantitative mRNA analysis of eight bovine 5-HT receptor subtypes in brain, abomasum, and intestine by real-time PCR","volume":"23","author":"Reist","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref26","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.67.1.95","article-title":"Distribution of mRNA coding for 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor subtypes in the intestines of healthy dairy cows and dairy cows with cecal dilatationdislocation","volume":"67","author":"Engel","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref27","series-title":"Dig Dis Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018877318101","article-title":"Distribution of beta-adrenoceptor subtypes in gastrointestinal tract of nondiabetic and diabetic BB rats. A longitudinal study","volume":"42","author":"Yu","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref28","series-title":"Eur J Pharmacol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(01)00795-6","article-title":"beta(1)and beta(3)-adrenoceptor mediated smooth muscle relaxation in hypothyroid rat ileum","volume":"415","author":"Brown","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref29","series-title":"Endocrinology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-129-2-1116","article-title":"Tissue-specific regulation of alpha 1B, beta 1, and beta 2-adrenergic receptor mRNAs by thyroid state in the rat","volume":"129","author":"Lazar-Wesley","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref30","series-title":"Zentralbl Veterinarmed [A]","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0442.1990.tb00947.x","article-title":"Central and peripheral alpha-adrenergic control of ileal, caecal and proximal colonic myoelectrical activity in sheep","volume":"37","author":"Brikas","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref31","series-title":"Equine Colic Res Symp","first-page":"210","article-title":"Effects of autonomic agonists on equine gastrointestinal electromechanical activity, in Proceedings","author":"Hunt","year":"1985"},{"key":"ref32","series-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol A Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9629(96)00311-8","article-title":"Regulation of ion transport in the porcine intestinal tract by enteric neurotransmitters and hormones","volume":"118","author":"Brown","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref33","series-title":"Pharmacol Rev","first-page":"319","article-title":"Vascular adrenoceptors: an update","volume":"53","author":"Guimaraes","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref34","series-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2885.2002.00414.x","article-title":"Pharmacological characterization of alpha1-adrenoceptor subtypes in the bovine tail artery","volume":"25","author":"Ioudina","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref35","series-title":"Sci China C Life Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1360\/02yc0051","article-title":"Alpha1A-adrenergic receptor mediated pressor response to phenylephrine in anesthetized rat","volume":"47","author":"Qi","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref36","series-title":"Am J Physiol","first-page":"H1599","article-title":"Oxygen modulates alpha 1B-adrenergic receptor gene expression by arterial but not venous vascular smooth muscle","volume":"271","author":"Eckhart","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref37","series-title":"J Biol Chem","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15541","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M314014200","article-title":"Cell surface expression of alpha1D-adrenergic receptors is controlled by heterodimerization with alpha1B-adrenergic receptors","volume":"279","author":"Hague","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref38","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"945","article-title":"Effect of xylazine treatment on equine proximal gastrointestinal tract myoelectrical activity","volume":"50","author":"Merritt","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref39","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"720","article-title":"Effects of xylazine on cecal mechanical activity and cecal blood flow in healthy horses","volume":"49","author":"Clark","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref40","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"198","article-title":"Effects of xylazine on equine intestinal vascular resistance, motility, compliance, and oxygen consumption","volume":"48","author":"Stick","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref41","series-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.1987.tb00107.x","article-title":"Colonic alpha 2-adrenoceptor-mediated responses in the pony","volume":"10","author":"Roger","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref42","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"623","article-title":"Effect of xylazine, cisapride, and naloxone on myoelectric activity of the ileocecocolic area in cows","volume":"56","author":"Steiner","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref43","series-title":"Vet Res Commun","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01839423","article-title":"Food intake and rumen motility in dwarf goats. Effects of atipamezole on the inhibitory effects induced by detomidine, medetomidine and romifidine","volume":"18","author":"van Miert","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref44","series-title":"Zentralbl Veterinarmed [A]","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0442.1992.tb00186.x","article-title":"Inhibition of food intake and reticulo-rumen motility of sheep by the alpha-2 adrenoreceptor agonist clonidine","volume":"39","author":"Nicholson","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref45","series-title":"Gut","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.30.12.1708","article-title":"Duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion in man. Stimulation by acid and inhibition by the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine","volume":"30","author":"Knutson","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref46","series-title":"Br J Pharmacol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704512","article-title":"Alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the enteric nervous system: a study in alpha 2A-adrenoceptor-deficient mice","volume":"135","author":"Scheibner","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref47","series-title":"Am J Physiol","first-page":"G517","article-title":"Action of alpha 2A-adrenergic receptors in circular smooth muscle of canine proximal colon","volume":"262","author":"Zhang","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref48","series-title":"Br J Pharmacol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1992.tb14354.x","article-title":"Investigations of the subtype of alpha 2-adrenoceptor mediating contractions of the human saphenous vein","volume":"106","author":"Smith","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref49","series-title":"Eur J Pharmacol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(92)90536-D","article-title":"Investigations of prejunctional alpha 2-adrenoceptors in rat atrium, vas deferens and submandibular gland","volume":"211","author":"Smith","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref50","series-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther","first-page":"1","article-title":"In vivo gene modification elucidates subtype-specific functions of alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors","volume":"293","author":"Kable","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref51","series-title":"Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1126\/science.273.5276.803","article-title":"Cardiovascular regulation in mice lacking alpha2-adrenergic receptor subtypes b and c","volume":"273","author":"Link","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref52","series-title":"Can J Physiol Pharmacol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1139\/y04-072","article-title":"Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade during exercise decreases intestinal lymphocyte apoptosis but not cell loss in mice","volume":"82","author":"Marra","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref53","series-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol","first-page":"697","article-title":"The effects of alphaand beta-sympathicomimetics on rumen motility and heart rate frequency in conscious goats","volume":"21","author":"van Miert","year":"1969"},{"key":"ref54","series-title":"J Endocrinol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1680177","article-title":"Involvement of beta1and beta2but not beta3-adrenoceptor activation in adrenergic PYY secretion from the isolated colon","volume":"168","author":"Brechet","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref55","series-title":"Zentralbl Veterinarmed [A]","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0442.1992.tb00214.x","article-title":"Effects of adrenaline, dopamine, serotonin, and different cholinergic agents on smooth muscle preparations from the ansa proximalis coli in cattle: studies in vitro","volume":"39","author":"Steiner","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref56","series-title":"Br J Pharmacol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703828","article-title":"Beta(1)-adrenoceptors compensate for beta(3)-adrenoceptors in ileum from beta(3)adrenoceptor knock-out mice","volume":"132","author":"Hutchinson","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref57","series-title":"Eur J Pharmacol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(82)90530-1","article-title":"Characterization of the beta-adrenergic inhibition of motility in cat colon strips","volume":"77","author":"Ek","year":"1982"},{"key":"ref58","series-title":"Dig Dis Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2537","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018820830358","article-title":"Pharmacologic characteristics of rabbit esophageal muscularis mucosae in vitro","volume":"42","author":"Percy","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref59","series-title":"Am J Physiol","first-page":"G432","article-title":"Potassium secretion by rabbit descending colon: effects of adrenergic stimuli","volume":"250","author":"Smith","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref60","series-title":"Acta Physiol Scand Suppl","first-page":"1","article-title":"Studies on mechanisms for beta-adrenoceptor mediated inhibition of colon motility","volume":"546","author":"Ek","year":"1985"},{"key":"ref61","series-title":"Life Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(81)90490-2","article-title":"The beta-adrenergic receptor in human lymphocytes: subclassification by the use of a new radio-ligand, (+\/\u2212)\u2013125 iodocyanopindolol","volume":"29","author":"Brodde","year":"1981"},{"key":"ref62","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S146","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.158.supplement_2.13tac110","article-title":"The beta-adrenoceptor","volume":"158","author":"Johnson","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref63","series-title":"J Mol Endocrinol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1677\/jme.0.0250169","article-title":"Absolute quantification of mRNA using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays","volume":"25","author":"Bustin","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref64","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.2460\/AJVR.2002.63.78","article-title":"Myoelectric activity of the spiral colon in dairy cows","volume":"63","author":"Meylan","year":"2002"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/67\/8\/ajvr.67.8.1367.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/67\/8\/ajvr.67.8.1367.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/67\/8\/ajvr.67.8.1367.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T12:15:44Z","timestamp":1741349744000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/67\/8\/ajvr.67.8.1367.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.67.8.1367","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-9645"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]}}}