{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T15:16:01Z","timestamp":1764688561370,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To evaluate use of covered-rod (CR) silicone implants containing ivermectin for long-term prevention of infection with <jats:italic>Dirofilaria immitisin<\/jats:italic> dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u2014145 adult male and female dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Dogs received implants of different sizes, and ivermectin concentrations and serum ivermectin concentrations were monitored for 16, 57, and 56 weeks, respectively, in 3 preclinical dose selection studies. Ability of implants to prevent infection with <jats:italic>D immitis<\/jats:italic> was evaluated in 2 further studies; dogs were challenged with 50 infective third-stage larvae 52 weeks after implant administration and necropsied 145 days after challenge, and the total number of adult heartworms was counted. A field study was then undertaken in which client-owned dogs received an implant and plasma samples were collected at intervals until week 52 for ivermectin analysis and heartworm antigen determination.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Use of the implants resulted in maintenance of an ivermectin concentration \u2265 0.2 ng\/mL for 12 months. In challenge studies, no treated dogs had adult heartworms, in contrast to untreated dogs, which all had adult heartworms at necropsy. In the field study, dogs treated with an implant had negative results of heartworm antigen testing for 12 months.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014The CR silicone implant containing 7.3 mg of ivermectin was 100% effective in preventing experimental infection with D immitislarvae and resulted in negative results for heartworm antigen in a field trial. This product has the potential to alleviate poor owner compliance with monthly prevention regimens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.67.9.1564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]],"date-time":"2006-09-01T13:56:18Z","timestamp":1157118978000},"page":"1564-1569","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Evaluation of a covered-rod silicone implant containing ivermectin for long-term prevention of heartworm infection in dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Craig P.","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenaay M.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Glenn A.","family":"Jacobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malcolm R.","family":"Brandon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Serge R.","family":"Martinod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"2108","article-title":"Efficacy of ivermectin against Dirofilaria immitis larvae in dogs 31, 60 and 90 days after infection","volume":"41","author":"Blair","year":"1980"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Vet Parasitol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2005.04.005","article-title":"The safety-net story about macrocyclic lactone heartworm preventives: a review, an update and recommendations","volume":"133","author":"McCall","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Proceedings of the Heartworm Symposium '86","first-page":"9","article-title":"Ivermectin in heartworm prophylaxis: study with experimentally induced and 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immitis) infection in dogs","volume":"43","author":"Genchi","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Vet Parasitol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2005.04.003","article-title":"Safety evaluation of moxidectin sustained-release injectable in 10-week-old puppies","volume":"133","author":"Heaney","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2004.65.752","article-title":"Long-term delivery of ivermectin by use of poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic)acid microparticles in dogs","volume":"65","author":"Clark","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Int J Pharm","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(03)00293-X","article-title":"Design of controlled-release formulation for ivermectin using silicone","volume":"261","author":"Maeda","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"J Control Release","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-3659(01)00302-9","article-title":"Development of a new drug delivery system for protein drugs using silicone (II)","volume":"73","author":"Kajihara","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Therapie","first-page":"1","article-title":"Review of a technique for the estimation of area under the concentration curve in pharmacokinetic analysis","volume":"48","author":"Bourget","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Vet Res Comm","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01839009","article-title":"Bioavailability of ivermectin administered orally to dogs","volume":"16","author":"Daurio","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.1721","article-title":"Activity of an injectable, sustained-release formulation of moxidectin administered prophylactically to mixed-breed dogs to prevent infection with Dirofilaria immitis","volume":"62","author":"Lok","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Proceedings of the Heartworm Symposium '80","first-page":"126","article-title":"Prophylactic activity of avermectins against experimentally induced Dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs","author":"McCall","year":"1981"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Vet Parasitol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2005.07.008","article-title":"2005 guidelines for the diagnosis, prevention and management of heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection in dogs","volume":"133","author":"Nelson","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Proceedings of the Heartworm Symposium '95","first-page":"183","article-title":"Evaluation of veterinary dispensing records to measure \u201cclinic compliance\u201d with recommended heartworm prevention programs","author":"Cummings","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Vet Med","first-page":"33","article-title":"Investigating ivermectin toxicity in Collies","volume":"80","author":"Pulliam","year":"1985"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Pharmacogenetics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1097\/00008571-200111000-00012","article-title":"Ivermectin sensitivity in Collies is associated with a deletion mutation of the MDR1 gene","volume":"11","author":"Mealy","year":"2001"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary 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